Dab tsi ua rau Extreme -Ib puag ncig Piping txawv
Cov kav dej rau lub tshuab nqus tsev, cov tshuab cryogenic, thiab qhov chaw- cov khoom siv dav hlau raug txiav txim los ntawm cov qauv uas cov yeeb nkab tsis sib haum. Hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev nyuaj, txhua qhov xau yog qhov ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm, thiab txhua yam khoom uas tawm mus rau ib puag ncig. Hauv kev pabcuam cryogenic, cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum muaj sia nyob -196 C yam tsis muaj embrittlement. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, cov khoom kho vajtse ntsib lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum ntawm kev sib cuag cov hlau, hluav taws xob puas, thiab thermal cycling ntawm qhov siab tshaj. Cov kev xav tau no tsav cov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv, cov txheej txheem vuam, thiab cov txheej txheem kuaj, thiab lawv piav qhia vim li cas aerospace thiab cryogenic piping raug nqi ntau dua li cov kav dej hauv av.
Kev xaiv khoom
Cov khoom siv rau huab cua -ib puag ncig piping yog xaiv rau kev tawm qis qis, cryogenic toughness, thiab corrosion kuj. Austenitic stainless hlau xws li 316L yog cov neeg ua haujlwm rau lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab cov kev pabcuam cryogenic, nrog rau cov tawv tawv zoo heev mus rau -196 C thiab qis qis tom qab ntxuav. Titanium alloys xws li Ti-6Al-4V muab lub teeb yuag nrog lub zog siab thiab siv rau qhov chaw muaj teeb meem, thaum cov nickel-based alloys xws li Alloy 718 yog siv rau qhov kub thiab txias. Aluminium alloys ua haujlwm nruab nrab lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab lub luag haujlwm cryogenic ntawm tus nqi qis. Txhua yam khoom siv yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas rau kev tawm mus, feem ntau yog los ntawm ASTM E595 qhov kev xeem, uas ntsuas tag nrho cov khoom poob thiab khaws cov khoom tsis sib haum xeeb.
Vuam thiab koom ua ke
Welds nyob rau hauv huab -ib puag ncig piping yuav tsum yog autogenous thiab tag nrho - nkag mus, tsis muaj porosity, vim hais tias ib tug pinhole yog ib tug to. Orbital gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) yog tus txheej txheem txheej txheem: lub teeb rotates nyob ib ncig ntawm lub taag sib koom ua ke, muab ib qho rov ua dua, muaj kab mob - dawb weld. Hauv kev pabcuam lub tshuab nqus tsev, lub vuam yog tsim los ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov pa roj inert ntawm ob sab, thiab kev sib koom ua ke yog tsim los rau kev nkag mus rau tag nrho thiab cov hauv paus hniav. Rau qhov chaw siv, kev sib txuas neeg hlau thiab laser vuam yog tshawb fawb rau hauv - orbit los ua ke, tab sis txhua qhov kev ua tau zoo tseem tso siab rau cov pob qij txha GTAW tsim nyog hauv av. Dissimilar- hlau pob qij txha, xws li stainless mus rau titanium, yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb kev hloov cov pob qij txha los yog cov neeg kho tshuab kev sib txuas, vim hais tias ncaj qha fusion vuam ua nkig intermetallic.
Outgassing thiab huv si
Outgassing yog qhov tso tawm ntawm cov khoom tsis sib haum xeeb los ntawm cov khoom hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab nws yog tswj los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab los ntawm kev ntxuav. Cov yeeb nkab yog ntxuav ntawm cov roj, cov ntiv tes, thiab cov khib nyiab, tom qab ntawd tuav cov hnab looj tes thiab kaw kom txog thaum kev teeb tsa. ASTM E595 kev ntsuas ntsuas qhov tawm ntawm cov khoom sib tw, thiab cov khoom sib dhos yog tsim los kom tsis muaj cov khoom siv organic uas tsis tuaj yeem nqus tau - ntsuas yog raug rau sab lub tshuab nqus tsev. Rau ultra- siab- lub tshuab nqus tsev, cov yeeb nkab feem ntau yog nqus tsev vacuum thiab cov pob qij txha yog ua los ntawm cov hlau gaskets es tsis yog elastomers.
Kev xeem thiab kev pov hwm zoo
Heev heev -ib puag ncig piping raug sim dhau ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam. Kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm helium mass spectrometry xyuas tias cov pob qij txha tuav ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau xau tus nqi, feem ntau 1 x 10-9 mbar l / s lossis zoo dua rau lub tshuab nqus tsev. Thermal-vacuum cycling exposes lub sib dhos rau qhov kub siab tshaj ntawm kev pab cuam thaum lub tshuab nqus tsev yog tswj, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas siab nrog inert gas los yog cryogenic kua txheeb xyuas cov neeg kho tshuab kev ncaj ncees. Txhua qhov weld raug tshuaj xyuas, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho thiab cov ntaub ntawv weld traceability raug sau tseg. Rau cov kev pabcuam cryogenic, cov khoom raug txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, vim qee cov hlau ua nkig qis dua li -50 C.
Cov Ciam Ua Haujlwm
Engineering thov hais txog kab txawv daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau nyeem tawm tsam lub cev txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis muaj welded steel yeeb nkab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntau txhiab degrees, thiab tsis muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua lossis micrometeoroid foob pob tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Txoj kev ua tau zoo rau huab cua - cov kav dej ib puag ncig yog siv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, kev tsim nyog vuam, thiab kev sim ua kom zoo, thiab tsim cov txheej txheem nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub luag haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm lub luag haujlwm lossis txheej txheem. Cov ntsiab lus speculative xws li hauv -chaw chaw mining tseem yog cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb; cov kav dej uas yoov niaj hnub no yog tsim los ntawm 316L, titanium, thiab cov txheej txheem kev qhuab qhia tau piav qhia saum toj no.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Cov khoom siv dab tsi yog siv rau lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab cov kav dej cryogenic?
Austenitic stainless hlau xws li 316L yog tus qauv xaiv rau lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab kev pabcuam cryogenic mus rau -196 C; titanium alloys yog siv qhov hnyav hnyav, thiab cov nickel alloys rau qhov kub thiab txias.
Q: Outgassing yog dab tsi thiab nws ntsuas li cas?
Outgassing yog qhov tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj volatile hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev. Nws yog ntsuas los ntawm ASTM E595 xeem, uas tshaj tawm tag nrho cov huab hwm coj poob thiab sau cov khoom tsis muaj zog condensable.
Q: Lub tshuab nqus tsev welds ua li cas?
Los ntawm orbital gas tungsten arc vuam nrog tag nrho kev nkag mus thiab inert - pa huv si ntawm ob sab, muab rov ua dua, tsis muaj paug - cov pob qij txha dawb. Txhua qhov weld raug kuaj xyuas.
Q: Dab tsi yuav tsum tau xau tus nqi rau lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum?
Qhov kev lees txais yog 1 x 10-9 mbar l / s lossis zoo dua, txheeb xyuas los ntawm helium huab hwm coj-spectrometer leak testing.
Q: Stainless hlau puas tuaj yeem welded rau titanium?
Tsis yog los ntawm kev sib txuas ncaj qha welding, uas ua rau brittle intermetallic. Hloov cov pob qij txha los yog kev sib txuas tshuab yog siv rau qhov sib txawv ntawm - hlau pob qij txha.
Q: Vim li cas cov yeeb nkab cryogenic tsis ua los ntawm cov hlau?
Cov pa roj carbon steel ua nkig hauv qab li -50 C. Austenitic stainless hlau khaws cov toughness mus rau -196 C, uas yog vim li cas nws yog siv rau kev pab cuam cryogenic.
