ASTM A691 Fais Fusion Welded (EFW) yeeb nkab
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Standard specification rauhluav taws xob-fusion-welded carbon thiab alloy steel yeeb nkabtsim nrogfiller hlau ntxiv, fabricated los ntawmsiab- nkoj- cov phaj zoo. ASTM A691 tshwj xeeb tsim rauhigh - kev pabcuam siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau nws tseem ceeb rau kev tsim hluav taws xob, petrochemical, thiab cov txheej txheem kev lag luam uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab kub.
Lub npe piav qhia
| Ib feem | Lub ntsiab lus |
|---|---|
| ASTM | ASTM International |
| A691 | Tus qauv specification tus naj npawb rau hluav taws xob- fusion-welded steel yeeb nkab rau siab - kev pabcuam siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias |
| Hluav taws xob Fusion Welded (EFW) | Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom - cov yeeb nkab tsim los ntawm phaj thiab welded longitudinally siv hluav taws xob arc vuam nrogntxiv cov hlau nplaum(Qhov txawv ntawm ERW uas tsis siv cov hlau muab tub lim) |
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm ASTM A691 EFW Pipe
| Feature | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Khoom siv | Fabricated los ntawmsiab hlab ntsha zoo daim hlau(xws li ASTM A204, A387, A537, A299, A387 / A387M) |
| Kev tsim khoom | Hluav taws xob Fusion Welded (EFW)- feem ntau longitudinal submerged arc welded nrog muab tub lim hlau ntxiv; welds ua manually lossis txiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob |
| Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb | Siab - kev pabcuam siab ntawmkub kub |
| Txoj kab uas hla | 16 nti (400 mm) thiab loj duanpe |
| Phab ntsa Thickness | Txog li 3 nti (75 mm)suav nrog |
| Ntev | Feem ntau 5.8-12m, nrog rau kev xaiv rau 6m, 9m, 18m, lossis kev cai |
| Kub tsom | Tshwj xeeb tsim rausiab -kev pabcuam kub |
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Qib vs
To taub qhov txawv ntawmQibthiabChav kawmQhov tseem ceeb rau ASTM A691:
| Lub sij hawm | Txhais | Piv txwv |
|---|---|---|
| Qib | Designates lubhom phaj siv(steel tsom xam thiab qib zog). Qhia txog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qhov sib thooj ASTM phaj specification. | CM-65, CM-70, CM-75, CMSH-70, CMS-75, CMSH-80, ½ CR, 1CR, 1CR, 2¼ CR, 3CR, 5CR, 9CR, 91 |
| Chav kawm | Xaiv peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom:Kev kho cua sov tau ua, sebweld yog kuaj radiographically, thiab seb covcov yeeb nkab tau raug kuaj . | 10, 11, 12, 13, 20, 21, 22, 23, 30, 31, 32, 33, 40, 41, 42, 43, 50, 51, 52, 53 (saib cov lus hauv qab no) |
Qib Designations & Plate Sources
"Qib" hauv ASTM A691 sib raug rau cov phaj siab tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb:
| Qib Qib | Hom Hlau | ASTM Phaj Specification | Phaj Qib |
|---|---|---|---|
| CM-65 | Cov pa roj carbon-molybdenum steel | A204/A204M | A |
| TSI-70 | Cov pa roj carbon-molybdenum steel | A204/A204M | B |
| TSI-75 | Cov pa roj carbon-molybdenum steel | A204/A204M | C |
| TSW-70 | Carbon-manganese- silicon steel, normalized | A537/A537M | 1 |
| CMS-75 | Carbon-manganese- silicon steel | A299/A299M | - |
| TSI-80 | Carbon-manganese- silicon steel, quenched & tempered | A537/A537M | 2 |
| ½ CR | ½% chromium, ½% molybdenum hlau | A387/A387M | 2 |
| 1 CR | 1% chromium, ½% molybdenum hlau | A387/A387M | 12 |
| 1 ¼ CR | 1 ¼% chromium, ½% molybdenum hlau | A387/A387M | 11 |
| 2 ¼ CR | 2 ¼% chromium, 1% molybdenum hlau | A387/A387M | 22 |
| 3 CR | 3% chromium, 1% molybdenum hlau | A387/A387M | 21 |
| 5 CR | 5% chromium, ½% molybdenum hlau | A387/A387M | 5 |
| 9 CR ua | 9% chromium, 1% molybdenum hlau | A387/A387M | 9 |
| 91 | 9% chromium, 1% molybdenum, vanadium, columbium | A387/A387M | 91 |
Class Designations – Ua kom tiav Reference Table
Qhov "Class" txiav txim siab txog kev kho cua sov, kev kuaj hluav taws xob, thiab kev ntsuas siab. Cov chav kawm lej system ua raws cov qauv kev xav tau qhov twgthawj tus lej qhia txog hom kev kho cua sov, thiab covTus lej thib ob qhia txog qib kev soj ntsuam :
| Chav kawm | Kev kho cua sov ntawm cov yeeb nkab | Radiography (Nqe 9) | Kev Ntsuas Siab (Nqe 8.3) | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | Tsis muaj | Tsis muaj | Tsis muaj | Tsis yog -tseem ceeb, qis- siab |
| 11 | Tsis muaj | Yog lawm | Tsis muaj | Weld kev ntseeg tseeb tseeb yam tsis muaj kev sim siab |
| 12 | Tsis muaj | Yog lawm | Yog lawm | Feem ntau rau li -welded kev pabcuam nrog kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho |
| 13 | Tsis muaj | Tsis muaj | Yog lawm | Siab- sim xwb |
| 20 | Kev ntxhov siab | Tsis muaj | Tsis muaj | Kev nyuaj siab nyem rau qhov seem stability |
| 21 | Kev ntxhov siab | Yog lawm | Tsis muaj | Txhim kho kev ntxhov siab nrog kev ntsuam xyuas weld |
| 22 | Kev ntxhov siab | Yog lawm | Yog lawm | Feem ntau tshwm sim rau kev ntxhov siab -kev pab cuam |
| 23 | Kev ntxhov siab | Tsis muaj | Yog lawm | Kev ntxhov siab nrog kev sim siab nkaus xwb |
| 30 | Li qub | Tsis muaj | Tsis muaj | grain refinement |
| 31 | Li qub | Yog lawm | Tsis muaj | Normalized nrog weld kuaj |
| 32 | Li qub | Yog lawm | Yog lawm | Feem ntau rau kev pabcuam normalized |
| 33 | Li qub | Tsis muaj | Yog lawm | Normalized nrog kev ntsuas siab nkaus xwb |
| 40 | Normalized & Tempered | Tsis muaj | Tsis muaj | Txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab |
| 41 | Normalized & Tempered | Yog lawm | Tsis muaj | Txhim kho cov khoom nrog kev kuaj xyuas weld |
| 42 | Normalized & Tempered | Yog lawm | Yog lawm | Kev kho cua sov tag nrho thiab tshuaj xyuas |
| 43 | Normalized & Tempered | Tsis muaj | Yog lawm | Ua kom muaj zog nrog kev ntsuas siab |
| 50 | Quenched & Tempered | Tsis muaj | Tsis muaj | Lub zog siab tshaj plaws |
| 51 | Quenched & Tempered | Yog lawm | Tsis muaj | Lub zog siab tshaj plaws nrog kev ntsuam xyuas weld |
| 52 | Quenched & Tempered | Yog lawm | Yog lawm | Lub zog siab tshaj plaws nrog kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho |
| 53 | Quenched & Tempered | Tsis muaj | Yog lawm | Lub zog siab tshaj plaws nrog kev ntsuas siab |
Nco tseg 1:Kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ua nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm kev pabcuam. Rau kev taw qhia, Specification A20 / A20M tuaj yeem sab laj.
Lus Cim 2:Chav kawm numbering logic:Thawj tus lej(10-50)=hom kev kho cua sov;Tus lej thib ob(0,1,2,3)=qib tshuaj ntsuam (0=tsis muaj, 1=RT nkaus xwb, 2=RT + hydrotest, 3=hydrotest nkaus xwb).
Thaum tshav kub kub kho Parameters
| Qib Qib | ASTM Specification | Ncej -Weld Thaum tshav kub kub-Tshuaj Temp Range (Stress Relieving)℃F [℃] | Normalizing Temp max tshwj tsis yog sau tseg℃F [degree] | Quenching Temp max tshwj tsis yog sau tseg F [℃] | Tempering kub min℃F [degree] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CM-65/70/75 | A204/A204M | 1100-1200 [590-650] | 1700 [925] | - | - |
| TSW-70 | A537/A537M | 1100-1200 [590-650] | 1700 [925] | - | - |
| CMS-75 | A299/A299M | 1100-1200 [590-650] | 1700 [925] | - | - |
| TSI-80 | A537/A537M | - | - | 1700 [925] | 1100-1250 [590-675] |
| ½ CR, 1 CR, 1 CR | A387/A387M | 1100-1375 [590-745] | 1850 [1010] | 1700 [925] | 1150-1375 [620-745] |
| 2 CR, 3 CR | A387/A387M | 1200-1400 [650-760] | 1850 [1010] | 1700 [925] | 1250-1400 [675-760] |
| 5 CR | A387/A387M | 1200-1400 [650-760] | 1850 [1010] | 1650 [900] | 1300-1400 [705-760] |
| 9 CR ua | A387/A387M | 1325-1375 [715-745] | - | - | 1325-1375 [715-745] |
| 91 | A387/A387M | 1350-1420 [730-770] | 1900-2000 [1040-1095] | 1900 min [1040 feeb] | 1350-1440 [730-780] |
Nco tseg:9CR steel yog huab cua- cov hlau tsis muaj zog, qee zaum khaws cov austenite kom ze rau qhov kub thiab txias. Kev xyaum zoo yog tso cai rau cov hlau kom txias rau 150℃F lossis qis dua ua ntej muab cov hlau mus rau kev kho cua sov lossis tom qab-weld heat treatment .
Kev tsim khoom
ASTM A691 EFW cov kav dej yog tsim los siv cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
Kev npaj phaj:Lub nkoj siab zoo steel phaj raug xaiv raws li qib yuav tsum tau (A204, A387, A537, A299, thiab lwm yam).
Kev tsim:Cov phaj yog tsim rau hauv cylindrical zoo siv txoj kev yob.
Vuam:Longitudinal seam yog welded sivhluav taws xob fusion vuam txheej txheemnrogntxiv cov hlau nplaum- qhov no txawv ntawm EFW los ntawm ERW (uas tsis siv cov hlau muab tub lim). Welds tuaj yeem ua manually lossis txiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob.
Weld Reinforcement:Welded pob qij txha yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa zoo ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm txhua sab ntawm qhov vuam. Lub contour yuav tsum du, thiab deposited hlau yuav tsum fused smoothly thiab uniformly rau hauv lub phaj nto.
Kev kho cua sov:Siv raws li cov chav kawm uas tau teev tseg (kev ntxhov siab, normalizing, quenching & tempering, thiab lwm yam).
NDT & Test:Kev ntsuam xyuas hluav taws xob (thaum teev los ntawm Chav Kawm), ntsuas hydrostatic (thaum teev los ntawm Chav Kawm), kev ntsuas nruj thiab khoov.
Ua tiav:Kev npaj kawg (dawb, beveled), deg imperfection tshem tawm los ntawm kev sib tsoo los yog machining.
Cov lus sib piv: ASTM A691 vs ASTM A672 vs ASTM A671
Cov qauv kev sib koom ua ke no qhia tib txoj hauv kev tsim khoom tab sis ua haujlwm sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias:
| Yam | ASTM A691 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb | ASTM A672 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb | ASTM A671 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kev Pabcuam Kub | Kub kub | Nruab nrab kub | Atmospheric thiab qis dua |
| Ua kom pom tseeb | Siab -kub lub zog, nkag siab, siab - muaj peev xwm siab | Kev kub siab lub zog, kev pabcuam nruab nrab | Tsawg-kub toughness, cuam tshuam cov khoom |
| Hom Qib | Cr-Mo alloys (1¼CR, 2¼CR, 5CR, 9CR, 91), CM series | B60, B65, B70 (A515-raws li) | CC60, CC65, CC70 (A516-raws li) |
| Cov ntawv thov siv | Siab -kub cov kab hluav taws xob, lub tshuab ua kom sov, lub tshuab hluav taws xob boilers | Boiler sab nraud piping, nruab nrab temp txheej txheem kab | Tsawg-Cov txheej txheem ntsuas kub, LNG, kev pabcuam txias |
| Kev xaiv khoom | Tsim los rau kev pabcuam siab kub | Tsim los rau kev pabcuam kub nruab nrab | Tsim los rau qis -kub toughness |
Kev Ntsuas & Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Cai
Nyob ntawm chav kawm xaiv, ASTM A691 cov kav dej tau txais:
| Hom kev xeem | Lub hom phiaj | Kev siv tau |
|---|---|---|
| Kev Ntsuas Siab | Txheeb xyuas qhov tawm los thiab lub zog tensile | Tag nrho cov kav dej |
| Khoov Test | Txheeb xyuas qhov vuam ductility thiab kev ncaj ncees | Tag nrho cov kav dej |
| Kev kuaj hluav taws xob (RT) | Tshawb xyuas weld defects - tag nrho ntev ntawm txhua qhov weld | Yuav tsum muaj rau cov chav kawm nrog "1" lossis "2" ua tus lej thib ob |
| Hydrostatic Test | Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm leak-tightness | Yuav tsum muaj rau cov chav kawm nrog "2" lossis "3" ua tus lej thib ob |
| Kev ntsuas siab | Txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas siab | Raws li Class Requirement |
| Kev soj ntsuam saum npoo | Tshawb nrhiav thiab tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg uas tsis txaus ntseeg | 100% |
Cov ntawv thov siv
ASTM A691 EFW kav yog dav siv hauv:
| Kev lag luam | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|
| Lub zog tiam | Siab -kub kab kab, boiler sab nraud piping, superheater sib txuas |
| Petrochemical & Refining | Siab -Cov txheej txheem kub ntawm cov kav dej, cov tshuab ua kom sov, cov kav dej catalytic cracker |
| Roj & Roj | High-siab siab-kub (HPHT) pipelines, cov chaw ua haujlwm |
| Kev ua tshuaj lom neeg | Cov kab txheej txheem rau siab -kev pabcuam tshuaj lom neeg kub |
| Kev lag luam | High -siab industrial piping systems yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau kub |
Hom Loj Muaj
| Parameter | Ntau yam |
|---|---|
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla | 16 "(400mm) txog 60" (1500mm) +npe |
| Phab ntsa Thickness | Txog li 3 "(75mm)txheem |
| Ntev | 5.8-12m txheem, mus txog 18m muaj |
| Xaus Xaus | Plain xaus, beveled xaus rau vuam |
| Kev Xa Khoom | Raws li tau teev tseg los ntawm Chav Kawm (kev ntxhov siab relieved, normalized, normalized & tempered, quenched & tempered) |
Cov Txheej Txheem Xaiv Chav
Xaiv cov chav kawm tsim nyog nyob ntawm cov kev xav tau kev pabcuam:
| Kev Pabcuam | Chav Kawm pom zoo | Kev xav |
|---|---|---|
| General high -kub, siab - kev pabcuam siab | 22 | Kev ntxhov siab daws nrog kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho -feem ntau siv rau ntau daim ntawv thov |
| Tseem ceeb heev -kev pab kub | 32o42 ib | Normalized los yog normalized & tempered rau grain refinement thiab txhim kho cov khoom |
| Cov kev xav tau siab tshaj plaws | 52 | Quenched & tempered nrog kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho |
| Raws li -welded kev pabcuam nrog kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho | 12 | Raws li -welded nrog RT thiab hydrotest |
Qhov zoo ntawm ASTM A691 EFW Pipe
| Qhov zoo | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Loj Loj Muaj peev xwm | Muaj peev xwm tsim cov kav dej ntau dua li seamless lossis ERW muaj peev xwm |
| Phab ntsa tuab | Tsim nyog rau siab - cov ntawv thov siab xav tau cov phab ntsa tuab heev (txog 3 "tus qauv) |
| Alloy Steel Options | Ntau yam ntawm Cr-Mo alloy qib muaj rau siab- kev pabcuam kub (1¼CR, 2¼CR, 5CR, 9CR, 91) |
| High Temperature Performance | Tshwj xeeb tsim los rau siab -kub siv |
| Muaj peev xwm siab | Engineered rau siab - kev pabcuam siab |
| Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo | Chav kawm system tso cai rau qib kev soj ntsuam zoo sib xws rau kev pabcuam tseem ceeb |
| Fabrication los ntawm Plate | Ua kom siv cov khoom siv siab ntawm cov hlab ntsha zoo nrog cov khoom pov thawj |
Cov Lus Cim Xaiv Tseem Ceeb
1. Qib Xaiv los ntawm Daim Ntawv Thov
CM Series:Cov pa roj carbon-molybdenum steels rau kev ua haujlwm siab- kub
Cr-Mo Qib (1¼CR, 2¼CR, 5CR, 9CR):Rau qhov hnyav nce siab -kub thiab corrosion- daim ntaub ntawv tiv taus
Qib 91:Advanced 9Cr-1Mo-V steel rau ultra-siab kub daim ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau superior creep zog
2. Chav Kawm Xaiv Logic
Chav kawm lej system ua rau kev xaiv ncaj nraim:
Thawj tus lej= kev kho cua sov: 10 (raws li -welded), 20 (kev ntxhov siab relieved), 30 (normalized), 40 (normalized & tempered), 50 (quenched & tempered)
Tus lej thib ob= kev tshuaj xyuas: 0 (tsis muaj), 1 (RT nkaus xwb), 2 (RT + hydrotest), 3 (hydrotest nkaus xwb)
Feem ntau cov kev xaiv rau siab -kev pab kub:
Chav Kawm 22:Txo kev ntxhov siab, tshuaj xyuas tag nrho -tus qauv rau ntau cov ntawv thov kub -
Chav Kawm 32:Normalized, soj ntsuam tag nrho - thaum xav tau kev kho cov nplej
Chav Kawm 42:Normalized thiab tempered, soj ntsuam tag nrho - rau kev txhim kho siab -kub khoom
3. Kev ntsuas kub
ASTM A691 tshwj xeeb rausiab -kev pabcuam kub
Cov qib sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv qhov ntsuas kub siab tshaj plaws - nrog rau cov lej siv tau
Rau qhov kub siab heev, Cr-Mo alloys (5CR, 9CR, 91) yuav tsum tau
4. Kev Ua Raws Cai
ASME Code: Feem ntau siv rau Boiler thiab Pressure Vessel Code daim ntawv thov
Nrog rau kev tsim kho cov cai (ASME B31.1 Fais Fab Piping, B31.3 Txheej Txheem Piping) rau kev lees txais thiab tsim yam tseem ceeb
5. Quality Assurance
Mill Test Certificate: Feem ntau xav tau rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb
Xyuas kom txhua qhov kev xeem uas yuav tsum tau ua (RT, hydrotest) ib chav kawm tau teev tseg
Xyuas kom tseeb tias kev kho cua sov tau ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua
Thaum kawg Takeaway: ASTM A691 EFW Yeeb Nkabyog covtxheem specification rau loj -inch, hluav taws xob-fusion-welded carbon thiab alloy steel yeeb nkabfabricated los ntawm siab hlab ntsha zoo daim hlau rauhigh - kev pabcuam siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws yog qhov txawv ntawm nwsQib(qhia cov khoom siv phaj, piv txwv li, 2¼CR los ntawm A387 Qib 22 rau kev pabcuam kub siab) thiabChav kawm(qhia txog kev kho cua sov thiab qib tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, piv txwv li, Chav Kawm 22 rau kev ntxhov siab-relieved nrog radiography thiab hydrotest). Cov yeeb nkab no yog qhov tseem ceeb raukev tsim hluav taws xob, petrochemical, thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem kev lag luamyuav tsum muaj txoj kab uas hla loj, phab ntsa tuab, thiab txhim khu kev qha siab -kub kev ua haujlwm. Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws rau siab - kub, siab - kev pabcuam siab yogASTM A 691 2¼CR Chav Kawm 22 .
