API 5L PSL1 Qib X42 Ob Chav -Sided Submerged Arc Vuam (DSAW) Hlau Yeeb Nkab
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
API 5L PSL1 Qib X42 DSAW (Ob chav-Sided Submerged Arc Vuam) steel yeeb nkabyog ib qho nruab nrab - lub zog carbon steel kab yeeb nkab uas tsim los rau American Petroleum Institute specification rau cov kav dej thauj mus los. Qhov kev xaiv "X42" qhia txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm42,000 psi (290 MPa), sawv cev rau qhov muaj zog loj dua qib B (35,000 psi).
X42 yog qhov nkag -theem "X-qib" hauv API 5L tsev neeg, muab kwv yees li17% siab tshaj tawm lub zog tshaj Qib B. Nws yog dav siv rau nruab nrab - roj thiab roj xa mus, sib sau cov kab, thiab cov kav dej uas muaj zog ntau dua li qib B yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua tab sis cov khoom txhim kho ntawm PSL2 tsis tsim nyog.
Txoj kev tsim khoom DSAW-tseem hu ua LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Vuam)- yog qhov siab - vuam txoj kev ncaj ncees uas siv ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud welds, tsim ib qhoib leeg siab -zoo weld nugget. Cov txheej txheem no yog tsim tshwj xeeb rauloj- txoj kab uas hla, tuab- phab ntsa kavsiv nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab roj kis tau tus mob, dej mains, thiab structural applications.
Lub npe piav qhia
| Ib feem | Lub ntsiab lus |
|---|---|
| API | Lub koom haum American Petroleum |
| 5L | Specification rau kab yeeb nkab siv nyob rau hauv pipeline tsheb thauj mus los systems |
| PSL1 | Khoom Specification Qib 1 - tus qauv zoo nrog cov kev cai yooj yim (tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas) |
| X42 | Qib kev xaiv: "X" qhia qib pipeline, "42" sawv cev rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog hauv ksi (42,000 psi / 290 MPa) |
| DSAW | Muab ob npaug rau-Sided Submerged Arc Vuam - ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nraud yog siv; Lub vuam arc yog submerged hauv granular flux thaum vuam |
| Kuj Paub Raws li | LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Vuam) - thaum lub vuam seam khiav longitudinally raws cov yeeb nkab |
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
| Yam ntxwv | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Txuj | API 5L (46th Edition, ua raws li ISO 3183) |
| Khoom Specification Level | PSL1 - tus qauv zoo |
| Qib | X42 (L290 hauv ISO cim) |
| Yam tsawg kawg Yield Strength | 290 MPa (42,000 psi) |
| Yam tsawg kawg Tensile Strength | 414 MPa (60,000 psi) |
| Kev tsim khoom | DSAW (Ob chav -Sided Submerged Arc Vuam) / LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Vuam) |
| Txoj kev tsim | JCOE(progressive J-C-O forming) los yogUAE(U-ing, O-ing, Expanding) |
| Size Range (DSAW/LSAW) | 406mm txog 1829mm(16 "mus rau 72") OD - raug rau DSAW; mus txog 84 "muaj |
| Phab ntsa Thickness | 6.0mm txog 50mm (txog 75mm rau kev siv tshwj xeeb) |
| Ntev | 6 m txog 12 m txheem; mus txog 18 m muaj |
| Xaus Xaus | Plain xaus, beveled xaus (30℃bevel kaum sab xis) |
| Txheej txheej xaiv | Dub xim, kua roj vanish, anti- xeb roj, FBE, 3LPE, thee tar epoxy |
Chemical Composition (API 5L PSL1 Qib X42 Welded Yeeb Nkab)
| Lub ntsiab | Qhov siab tshaj % | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.26% | Tsawg carbon rau zoo weldability |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.30% | Muab lub zog; siab dua qib B |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.030% | Tswj rau weldability |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.030% | Tswj kom toughness |
| Silicon (Si) | Tsis tau teev rau PSL1 | Feem ntau Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.40% |
Nco tseg: PSL1 tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lub zog siab tshaj plaws, cov pa roj carbon sib npaug, lossis qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas. Rau txhua qhov kev txo qis ntawm 0.01% qis dua cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws, qhov nce ntawm 0.05% siab tshaj qhov teev siab tshaj plaws manganese tau tso cai, mus txog qhov siab tshaj ntawm 1.65%.
Mechanical Properties (API 5L PSL1 Qib X42)
| Khoom | Kev xav tau |
|---|---|
| Yield zog (min) | 290 MPa (42,000 psi) |
| Yield zog (max) | Tsis tau teev rau PSL1 |
| Tensile zog (min) | 414 MPa (60,000 psi) |
| Tensile zog (max) | Tsis tau teev rau PSL1 |
| Elongation | Ib tus qauv API 5L (nws txawv ntawm phab ntsa tuab) |
| Charpy Impact | Tsis xav tau rau PSL1- Tsuas yog PSL2 yuav tsum tau kuaj qhov cuam tshuam |
X42 vs. Qhov sib piv ntawm Qib Kawm
| Qib | Yield zog (min) | Tensile zog (min) | Tus txheeb ze zog vs. X42 | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qib B | 241 MPa (35 ksi) | 414 MPa (60 ksi) | -17% | General pipeline kev pab cuam |
| X42 | 290 MPa (42 ksi) | 414 MPa (60 ksi) | Lub hauv paus | Nruab nrab -siab kis |
| X46 | 320 MPa (46 ksi) | 435 MPa (63 ksi) | +10% | Siab dua -siab kis |
| X52 | 359 MPa (52 ksi) | 455 MPa (66 ksi) | +24% | General kis tau tus mob |
* X42 muaj kwv yees li 17% siab dua qhov muaj zog dua qib B, ua rau nws tus nqi - txhim kho zoo rau nruab nrab - cov ntawv thov siab uas Qib B tsis txaus .*
Dimensional Specifications
| Parameter | Ntau / Tolerance |
|---|---|
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla | 406mm txog 1829mm(16 "mus rau 72") - DSAW ntau yam |
| Phab ntsa Thickness | 6.0mm txog 50mm (txog 75mm rau kev siv tshwj xeeb) |
| Txoj kab uas hla Tolerance (Lub cev yeeb nkab) | ± 0.75% ntawm OD |
| Txoj kab uas hla (Top Ends, 219.1-273.1mm) | +1.6 hli / -0.4 hli |
| Txoj kab uas hla (Tej Xaus, 274-457mm) | +2.4 hli / -0.8 hli |
| Phab ntsa Thickness kam rau ua (508-610 mm) | +19.5% / -8% |
| Phab ntsa Thickness kam rau ua (219.1-457 mm) | +15% / -12.5% |
| Ntev | 6 m txog 12 m txheem; mus txog 18 m muaj |
| Tawm ntawm - ntawm - Roundness | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1% ntawm OD teev |
Yam Loj Muaj (API 5L Qib X42 DSAW):
| OD (inch) | OD (mm) | Phab ntsa Thickness Range (mm) |
|---|---|---|
| 16" | 406 | 6.0 - 14.0 |
| 20" | 508 | 6.0 - 16.0 |
| 24" | 610 | 6.0 - 18.0 |
| 30" | 762 | 7.0 - 21.0 |
| 36" | 914 | 8.0 - 24.0 |
| 40" | 1016 | 8.0 - 26.0 |
| 48" | 1219 | 9.0 - 28.0 |
| 56" | 1422 | 10.0 - 29.0 |
| 60" | 1524 | 10.0 - 29.0 |
| 64" | 1626 | 10.0 - 30.0 |
| 72" | 1829 | 10.0 - 30.0 |
DSAW/LSAW Manufacturing Process
Ob chav -Sided Submerged Arc Vuam (DSAW), tseem hu ua Longitudinal Submerged Arc Vuam (LSAW), yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm siab - siv feem ntau rau cov kav loj - txoj kab uas hla.
Txheej txheem piav qhia
Welding arc yog submerged hauv granular fluxThaum vuam, tiv thaiv cov vuam los ntawm atmospheric paug
Ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud welds yuav tsum tau, feem ntau ua tiav hauv cov txheej txheem sib cais
Cov welds cais noj ib feem ntawm lwm yam, ua rau ib tugib leeg siab -zoo weld nugget
Txoj kev tsim
| Txoj kev | Kev piav qhia | Hom kab |
|---|---|---|
| JCOE | Progressive J-C-O cov kauj ruam (J-shape → C-shape → O-shape), nthuav dav tom qab vuam | 406-1626 hli (16 "-64") |
| UAE | Phaj nias rau hauv U-puab, ces O-puab, nthuav dav tom qab vuam | 508-1118 hli (20 "-44") |
Txheej txheem txheej txheem
Phaj xaiv- Hlau daim hlau ntsib API 5L PSL1 X42 yuav tsum
Ntug Kev Npaj- Ntug yog beveled los tsim V-puab zawj
tsim- Cov ntawv hlau yog tsim rau hauv cov duab cylindrical siv JCOE lossis UOE presses
Tack Vuam- Cov phaj tsim yog tack-welded kom zoo li qub
Ob chav Submerged Arc Vuam- Cov yeeb nkab seam welded rau ob sab hauv thiab sab nrauv
Txias Expansion- Cov yeeb nkab yuav raug nthuav mus txog 1.5% kom ua tiav qhov kawg ntawm OD
Ultrasonic soj ntsuam- Seam tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv ultrasonic tsis siv neeg qhov tsis pom kev
Hydrostatic Pressure Test-Txhua cov yeeb nkab tau kuaj xyuas hydrostatic siab (thaum teev tseg)
Ua tiav- Xaus kev, beveling, txheej, thiab kos npe raws li specifications
Kev Ntsuas & Kev Ntsuam Xyuas (PSL1)
| Hom kev xeem | Kev xav tau | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas | Rau qhov kub ntau | Txheeb xyuas qhov txwv tsis pub muaj ib qho API 5L PSL1 |
| Tensile Test | Rau ntau | Txheeb xyuas qhov tawm los thiab lub zog tensile |
| Flattening Test | Yuav tsum tau | Txheeb xyuas qhov ductility thiab weld kev ncaj ncees |
| Khoov Test | Yuav tsum tau | Verifies weld kev ncaj ncees |
| Charpy Impact Test | Tsis xav tau rau PSL1 | Tsuas yog PSL2 yuav tsum tau kuaj qhov cuam tshuam |
| Hydrostatic Test | Txhua yeeb nkab (thaum teev) | Kev ntsuas siab ncaj ncees |
| Ultrasonic soj ntsuam | 100% ntawm weld seam | Standard xyaum rau DSAW |
| X-Ray Inspection | Rau "T" pob qij txha | Qhov twg strip taub qab welds cuam tshuam kauv seams |
| Dimensional soj ntsuam | 100% | Raws li tus qauv tolerances |
| Mill Test Certificate | EN 10204 Hom 3.1B | Muab tag nrho cov kev xeem |
PSL1 vs. PSL2 Sib piv rau X42
| Feature | PSL1 X42 | PSL 2 X42 | Qhov tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) max | 0.26% | 0.22-0.24% | PSL2 muaj kev tswj nruj dua kom zoo dua weldability |
| Sulfur (S) max | 0.030% | 0.015% | PSL2 muaj 50% txo qis - qhov tseem ceeb rau kev toughness |
| Phosphorus (P) max | 0.030% | 0.025% | PSL2 muaj kev txwv nruj dua |
| Yield zog | 290 MPa min xwb | 290-495 MPa ntau | PSL2 qhia qhov siab tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv ntau tshaj - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog |
| Tensile zog | 414 MPa min xwb | 414-655 MPa ntau | PSL2 qhia qhov siab tshaj plaws rau qhov sib xws |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio | Tsis tau teev tseg | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.93 | PSL2 xyuas kom txaus ductility |
| Kev sim cuam tshuam | Tsis xav tau | Yuav tsum tau | PSL2 lav qis-kub toughness |
| Carbon sib npaug | Tsis xav tau | Muab xam thiab tswj | PSL2 xyuas kom zoo teb weldability |
| NDT Requirements | Txuj | nruj dua | PSL2 muab kev kuaj pom zoo dua |
| Hom kev siv | Kev pabcuam dav dav, kab dej, tsis yog - tseem ceeb | Kev pabcuam tseem ceeb, kev pabcuam qaub, qis kub |
Cov ntawv thov siv
| Daim ntawv thov | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Roj thiab roj kis tau tus mob | Nruab nrab- cov kav dej siab rau cov roj av, roj av, thiab cov khoom ua kom zoo |
| Natural Gas Sib Sau Kab | Txuas qhov dej mus rau cov chaw ua haujlwm |
| Kev xa dej Mains | Loj - txoj kab uas hla hauv nroog thiab cov kav dej muaj |
| Sib sau thiab Flow Lines | Upstream roj thiab roj ua haujlwm |
| Kev siv tus qauv | Piling, choj kev txhawb nqa, kev tsim kho |
| Muaj Txheej Txheem Piping | Refineries, tshuaj nroj tsuag, tsim hluav taws xob |
Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws
| Qhov zoo | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Siab zog dua qib B | 17% siab dua yield zog tso cai rau kev khiav hauj lwm siab dua los yog txo phab ntsa thickness |
| Tus nqi -Cov | PSL1 yog kev lag luam ntau dua li PSL2 - haum rau cov kev pabcuam dav dav |
| Weldability zoo heev | Tsawg carbon cov ntsiab lus ua kom zoo teb weldability |
| Loj Loj Muaj peev xwm | DSAW tsim cov kav dej ntawm 16 "mus rau 72" OD - zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv loj - txoj kab uas hla |
| High Weld Integrity | Ob -sab vuam tsim ib qho siab - zoo weld nugget nrog 100% UT tshuaj xyuas |
| Dav Muaj | Feem ntau stocked los ntawm manufacturers thoob ntiaj teb |
| JCOE/UOE tsim | Precise dimensional precision los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem siab heev |
International Approximations
| Txuj | Qib sib npaug | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| TS EN ISO 3183 | L290 | International txheem sib npaug |
| GB/T 9711 | L290 | Suav sib npaug |
| TS EN 10208-2 | L290 MB | European sib npaug |
| ASTM A53 | Qib B (zoo sib xws) | A53 Qib B muaj 35 ksi yield vs. X42's 42 ksi |
Txheej txheej xaiv
API 5L PSL1 X42 DSAW yeeb nkab tuaj yeem muab nrog ntau txheej txheej rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion:
| Txheej hom | Zoo tshaj rau | Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| 3LPE (3-txheej polyethylene) | faus cov kav dej | Feem ntau; kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev |
| FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy) | Roj & roj pipelines | Muaj zog adhesion, tshuaj tiv thaiv |
| Coal Tar Epoxy | Marine ib puag ncig | Heavy-lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv |
| Varnish / Anti- xeb roj | Kev tiv thaiv ib ntus | Luv -lub sij hawm tiv thaiv corrosion thaum thauj |
| Bitumen txheej | Kev pabcuam faus | Tus nqi -kev tiv thaiv zoo |
| Dub Roj Txheej | Standard zeb tiav | Kev tiv thaiv ib ntus |
Xaus Xaus
Muaj cov kev kho mob kawg suav nrog:
Plain xaus (PE)- txheem rau ntau daim ntawv thov
Beveled xaus (BE)- rau qhov chaw vuam (30℃bevel kaum sab xis)
Xov xaus- rau kev sib txuas tshuab
Kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb
1. PSL1 vs. PSL2 Xaiv
PSL1: Haum rau cov kev pabcuam dav dav, cov kab dej, tsis yog - daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj qhov ntsuas kub tsawg - tsis tas yuav tsum muaj qhov toughness
PSL2: Yuav tsum muaj rau qis- kev pabcuam kub (qis dua 0 degree), kev pabcuam qaub (H₂S ib puag ncig), cov kav dej tswj (FERC, DOT), thiab cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb
2. X42 vs. Qib B Xaiv
X42: Xaiv thaum lub zog siab dua qib B yog qhov xav tau rau nruab nrab - kev siv siab
Qib B: Txuj kev xaiv rau kev pabcuam dav dav dav dav qhov twg 35 ksi tawm los txaus
3. DSAW Loj Limitts
DSAW manufacturing rau X42 feem ntau muaj los ntawm16" to 72" OD
Cov kab me me (hauv qab 16 ") feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ERW los yog seamless txoj kev
4. Kev sim cuam tshuam
PSL1 uatsis yogxav tau Charpy qhov kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm tus qauv. Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub tsawg - qhov kev pabcuam kub tau npaj tseg, xav txog:
Txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntxiv
Hloov kho dua tshiab rau PSL2 (uas tso cai rau kev sim cuam tshuam)
5. Kev txwv kub
Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws kev pab cuam pom zoo:350℃(662℃F)
Tsis muaj kev lees paub qis -kub toughness nyob rau hauv PSL1 - tsis haum rau sub-zero daim ntawv thov yam tsis muaj kev ntsuam xyuas
6. Thib peb-Kev soj ntsuam tog
Muaj cov kev pabcuam tshuaj xyuas suav nrog SGS, BV, Lloyds
7. Mill Test Certificate
Feem ntau muab raws liEN 10204 Hom 3.1Bnrog tag nrho cov kev xeem
Thib peb-kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas muaj nyob rau thaum thov
8. Weldability
Cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.26%) ua kom muaj kev sib txuas zoo heev
Haum rau txhua txoj kev vuam txheej txheem (SMAW, GTAW, GMAW, SAW)
Tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm -weld kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau rau feem ntau thicknesses
Cov ntsiab lus
API 5L PSL1 Qib X42 Ob Chav -Sided Submerged Arc Welded (DSAW/LSAW) steel yeeb nkabyog qhov nkag -theem "X-qib" kab yeeb nkab rau nruab nrab- cov ntawv thov cov kav dej. Nrog yam tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm42,000 psi (290 MPa)- kwv yees li17% siab dua Qib B- thiab tensile lub zog ntawm60,000 psi (414 MPa), cov khoom no muab tus nqi- txhim kho zoo rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau lub zog siab dua qib B yam tsis tau hloov mus rau qib siab X- qib .
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:
Khoom txheem: API 5L PSL1 X42 – nkag-theem X-qib rau nruab nrab- kev pabcuam siab
Yield zog290 MPa (42,000 psi) yam tsawg kawg nkaus - 17% siab dua qib B
Tensile zog: 414 MPa (60,000 psi) yam tsawg kawg nkaus
PSL1 qib zoo: Tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas; cov qauv kev cai rau kev pabcuam dav dav
DSAW manufacturingtsim cov kav dej los ntawm16" to 72" ODnrog phab ntsa thickness mus txog50 mm
Ob -sab vuamtsim ib lub siab -zoo weld nugget
JCOE lossis UOE tsimcov txheej txheem kom paub meej qhov tseeb qhov tseeb
100% ultrasonic kuajntawm weld seam kom zoo
Weldability zoo heevnrog cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.26%)
Tus nqi- zoohloov kho los ntawm Qib B rau nruab nrab - cov ntawv thov siab
Cov ntawv thov uas muaj xws li:
Nruab nrab - cov roj thiab cov kav xa hluav taws xob siab
Natural gas sib sau ua ke thiab faib tes hauj lwm
Kev xa dej mains
Sib sau thiab khiav kab
Kev siv cov qauv (piling, choj txhawb nqa)
Industrial txheej txheem kav
Thaum ordering, qhia:API 5L PSL1 Qib X42, DSAW/LSAW (Ob chav-Sided/Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded), Loj (OD x WT), Ntev, Qhov Kawg Finish (plain/beveled), Cov Lus Cog Tseg, thiab Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Zeb rau EN 10204 Hom 3.1B
Rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev lees paub qis -kub toughness, nruj dua chemistry tswj, lossis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm qaub, qhia meejAPI 5L PSL2 Qib X42hloov. Rau feem ntau nruab nrab- cov ntawv thov siab, X42 PSL1 muaj qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm lub zog thiab kev lag luam .
