Taw qhia rau 13CrMo4-5 / 1.7335 Steel Boiler Pipe
Kev faib khoom siv
13CrMo4-5 (cov ntaub ntawv naj npawb1.7335) yogtsis yog carbon steelmas aqis- alloy chromium-molybdenum steeltshwj xeeb yog tsim los rau siab kub kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv boilers thiab siab hlab ntsha. Cov khoom no sawv cev ibqib nrabnruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel thiab siab dua alloy creep-cov hlau tsis muaj zog, muab cov khoom sib npaug ntawm cov khoom rau qhov kub thiab txias.
Kev faib tawm kom raug:
Tsawg-Alloy Creep-Resistant Thaum tshav kub kub-Resistant Steel (1.25% Chromium Group)
Khoom Siv Lub Npe Txheej Txheem:
13: Kwv yees li 1.3% chromium cov ntsiab lus (qhov tseeb 0.7-1.2% ntau)
Cr: Chromium alloying keeb
Mo: Molybdenum alloying element
4-5: Qhia ob qho tib si chromium (~ 1%) thiab molybdenum (~ 0.5%) cov ntsiab lus
Alternative Designations:1Cr-0.5Mo steel, 1.25Cr-0.5Mo (kwv yees muaj pes tsawg leeg)
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab kev siv
Distinctive nta:
Txhim kho Creep Resistance: Superior rau cov pa roj carbon steels ntawm qhov kub siab
Weldability zoo: Zoo dua li cov hlau chromium siab dua tab sis yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntau dua li carbon steels
Oxidation Resistance: Txhim kho cov pa roj carbon steel vim cov ntsiab lus chromium
Temper Embrittlement Resistance: Zoo dua qee cov qib alloy siab dua
Fabricability zoo: tuaj yeem tsim thiab machined nrog cov cuab yeej txheem
Cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm:
Tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-20th caug xyoorau cov ntawv thov kub nruab nrab
European adaptationntawm cov qib US zoo ib yam li 1.25Cr-0.5Mo
Siv davnyob rau hauv cov pa fais fab nroj tsuag thiab txheej txheem industries
Pov thawj ntseegnrog keeb kwm kev pabcuam dav dav
Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb:
Boiler drumsthiab headers
Superheater tubesthiab txhawb nqa
Chav kav dejnyob rau hauv cov pa fais fab nroj tsuag
Thaum tshav kub kub exchanger tubeshauv refineries
Cov hlab ntsha siabrau chemical processing
Cheebtsam hauv cheeb tsam cua sov systems
Hom Kev Pabcuam:
Qhov kub thiab txias: 450 ° C rau 550 ° C(zoo tshaj 475-525 ° C)
Siab: Mus txog150 barfeem ntau
Kev Pabcuam Lub Neej: 100,000-150,000 teevntawm qhov ntsuas kub tsim
Kev khwv nyiaj txiag: Feem ntau tus nqi- zoo rau nws qhov kub thiab txias
Technical Specifications
Table 1: Cov Khoom Siv Tshuaj Txhuam Hniav (EN 10216-2)
| Element | Standard Range (%) | Kev Ntsuas Tus Kheej (%) | Lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.08 - 0.18 | 0.10 - 0.15 | Lub zog, tsim carbide |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.10 - 0.35 | 0.15 - 0.30 | Deoxidizer |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.40 - 1.00 | 0.60 - 0.90 | Lub zog, tswj sulfide |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.025 | ≤ 0.020 | Tswj impurity |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.015 | ≤ 0.010 | Tswj impurity |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.70 - 1.20 | 0.90 - 1.10 | Oxidation kuj, creep zog |
| Molybdenum (hli) | 0.40 - 0.60 | 0.45 - 0.55 | Creep kuj, carbide stabilization |
| Nickel (Ni) | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.25 | Cov khoom seem |
| Aluminium (Al) | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.030 | Grain refinement |
| Copper (Cu) | ≤ 0.30 | ≤ 0.25 | Cov khoom seem |
| Vanadium (V) | -- | -- | Tsis feem ntau ntxiv |
| Niobium (Nb) | -- | -- | Tsis feem ntau ntxiv |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤ 0.012 | ≤ 0.010 | Tswj ntxiv |
Table 2: Chav Kub Kub Mechanical Properties
| Khoom | Txuj kev xav tau | Yam khoom muaj nqis | Kev kuaj mob |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield zog (Rp0.2) | ≥310 MPa | 320-400 MPa | Normalized + Tempered |
| Tensile zog (Rm) | 460 - 590 MPa | 480-550 MPa | Normalized + Tempered |
| Elongation (A) | ≥ 22% | 24-30% | L₀=5.65√S₀ |
| Kev txo qis ntawm cheeb tsam (Z) | -- | 60-75% | Hloov |
| Impact Zog (KV) | ≥ 40 J (avg) | 50-100 J | +20°C |
| Hardness | 140 - 195 HB | 150-180 HB | Brinell |
Table 3: Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej Ua Haujlwm Siab
| Qhov kub thiab txias (°C) | 400 | 450 | 475 | 500 | 525 | 550 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsawg Rp 0.2 (MPa) | 260 | 240 | 225 | 210 | 200 | 190 |
| 10⁵h Creep Strength | 110 | 70 | 55 | 40 | 30 | 22 |
| Tso cai Stress (MPa) | 96 | 68 | 55 | 43 | 33 | 25 |
| vs . 16Mo3 | +10% | +25% | +35% | +40% | +45% | +50% |
| vs P460 NH | +20% | +30% | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Table 4: Sib piv nrog Cov Qib Siab Cov Qib Siab
| Parameter | 13CrMo4-5 | 16 hmo 3 | 10CrMo9-10 | P460 NH | X11CrMo5-1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khoom No. | 1.7335 | 1.5415 | 1.7380 | 1.8949 | 1.7361 |
| Chrome Cov ntsiab lus | 1% | <0.3% | 2.25% | <0.3% | 5% |
| Molybdenum | 0.5% | 0.3% | 1% | <0.08% | 0.5% |
| Tsawg-yield (MPa) | 310 | 280 | 280 | 460 | 280 |
| Max kub (°C) | 560 | 550 | 580 | 550 | 600 |
| Creep Resistance | Zoo | Nruab nrab | Zoo heev | txwv | Zoo heev |
| Weldability | Zoo | Zoo | Nyuaj | Zoo | Yuav tsum tau saib xyuas |
| Nqi Factor | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.7 |
Kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm
Txheej txheem ntau lawm:
ntawv nyeem
Basic Oxygen/Electric Arc Rauv → Ladle Treatment → Continuous Casting → Tube Making (Seamless or Welded) → Normalizing (900-950°C) + Tempering (650-700°C) → Cooling → Testing → Final Inspection
Kev kho cua sov yuav tsum muaj:
normalizing: 900-950 ° C tom qab cua txias
TemperingKub: 650-700 ° C rau 1-2 teev
Tshaj tawm -Kev kho cua sov: Yuav tsum tau thickness > 10-15mm
Qhov kawg Microstructure: Ferrite-pearlite lossis bainite nyob ntawm tus nqi cua txias
Vuam Technology:
Welding yam ntxwv:
Nruab nrab Hardenability: Tsawg dua cov hlau chromium siab dua
Zoo Weld Hlau Khoom: Nrog cov txheej txheem kom raug
Yuav tsum muaj PWHT: Rau feem ntau daim ntawv thov los daws kev ntxhov siab
Hydrogen tswj: Qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev tawg
Cov txheej txheem vuam pom zoo:
ntawv nyeem
Pre-welding Requirements: • Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tshuaj xyuas • Vuam txheej txheem tsim nyog (WPQR) • Filler hlau xaiv Preheat Requirements: • 150-}200 ° C yam tsawg kawg nkaus • Nce nrog tuab thiab txwv Vuam txheej txheem: • SMAW nrog qis qis-hydrogen electromen passesalitus (GTAWcom) seams • GMAW nrog qhov tsim nyog cov roj tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov: • Qhov siab tshaj plaws: 250-300 ° C • Saib xyuas tsis tu ncua Kev Kho Hniav Tom Qab Kub Kub: • Kub: 650-700 ° C • Lub Sijhawm: 1-2 teev (tsawg kawg 1h / 25mm) • Cua sov / Txias tus nqi: ≤ 200 ° C rau kev ntxhov siab thiab Essential Cov ntaub ntawv muab tub lim: • Matching: EN ISO 16834-A: G 42 4 M M1Mo • Common electrode: E9015-B3 (AWS) or equivalent
Kev txiav txim siab tsim
Qhov zoo ntawm 13CrMo4-5:
Pov Thawj Kev Ntseeg: Ntau yam kev pabcuam keeb kwm hauv kev lag luam fais fab
Tus nqi -Cov: Economical rau nws qhov kub thiab txias
Fabricability zoo: tuaj yeem khoov, tsim, thiab machined yooj yim
Tus Cwj Pwm Zoo: Zoo- nkag siab txog cov khoom siv
Code Txais: Dav txais nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov loj tsim cai
Kev txwv thiab ceev faj:
Kub txwv: Tsis haum siab tshaj 560 ° C rau kev ua haujlwm ntev -
Graphitization Risk: Muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob tom qab ncua kev pab cuam
PWHT Requirement: Feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua kom siab- muaj cov welds
Lub zog nruab nrab: Tsawg dua li lwm cov khoom siv
Oxidation txwv: Tej zaum yuav xav tau kev tiv thaiv hauv ib puag ncig nruj
Design Parameters:
Safety Factor: Feem ntau 1.5 ntawm creep rupture zog
Corrosion Allowance: 1-2mm nyob ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm
Yam tsawg kawg nkaus tsim kub: -10 ° C (qis nrog kev ntsuam xyuas)
Kev xav txog kev qaug zog: Tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv cyclic
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Microstructural
Theem Transformation:
Austenitizing kubKub: 900-950 ° C
Critical Cooling Rate: Nruab nrab
Cov khoom hloov pauv: Pearlite, bainite tau
Tempering TebKev ruaj ntseg carbides (M₃C, M₇C₃)
Ntev - Lub Sij Hawm Stability:
Carbide CoarseningPřevod TXK na M₇C₃
Graphitization Risk: Hauv qee qhov kub thiab txias (tsis tshua muaj)
Spheroidization: Pearlite degradation dhau sijhawm
Creep Cavitation: Tom qab txuas ntxiv siab -kev pabcuam kub
Quality Assurance thiab Standards
Certification Requirements:
EN 10204 3.1 lossis 3.2 cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj
Tag nrho traceability rau cua sov / ntau tus lej
Ua tiav tshuaj ntsuam xyuas
Mechanical test reports (chaw kub)
Tsis yog -cov ntawv ceeb toom kev ntsuas kev puas tsuaj
Cov ntaub ntawv kho cua sov
Cov qauv siv tau:
Cov Qauv KhoomEN 10216-2 (seamless), EN 10217-2 (welded)
Khoom TxheemTS EN 10028-2
Cov qauv xeemDaim ntawv pov thawj: EN ISO 6892-1, EN ISO 148-1
Vuam StandardsTS EN ISO 15614-1
Tsim CodesEN 12952, EN 13480, ASME Tshooj I
Kev kuaj tshwj xeeb (raws li xav tau):
Kev kuaj Creep: Rau cov kev siv tseem ceeb
Kev Tshawb Fawb Hardness: Niam txiv hlau, HAZ, thiab vuam hlau
Microstructure Examination: Kev ntsuam xyuas loj
Khoov Kev Xeem: Rau vuam txheej txheem tsim nyog
Kev Pabcuam Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Txhim Kho
Degradation Mechanisms:
Ntsig: Lub neej tseem ceeb- txwv qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov tsim
Oxidation: Ob leeg sab nraud thiab chav - sab
Graphitization: Hauv weld HAZ tom qab kev pabcuam ntev heev (tsis tshua muaj)
Thermal Fatigue: Nyob rau hauv cov khoom nrog kub cycling
Corrosion: Hauv qee qhov chaw nruj heev
Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab saib xyuas:
Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag tsis tu ncua: Rau degradation nto
Kev kuaj Ultrasonic: Rau kev kuaj pom kev puas tsuaj
Replication Microscopy: Rau kev ntsuam xyuas microstructural
Kev kuaj Hardness: Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov muag muag
Dimensional Checks: Rau kev ntsuas qhov tob tob
Kev ntsuam xyuas lub neej tseem tshuav:
Raws li keeb kwm kev ua haujlwm (kub, sijhawm)
Creep strain ntsuas
Kev ntsuam xyuas microstructural
Kev sim ua piv txwv hauv cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb
Kev xav txog nyiaj txiag
Cov Nqi Them Nqi:
Tus nqi khoom siv: 30-40% ntau dua li carbon steels
Tus nqi tsim khoom: Nruab nrab nce vim qhov yuav tsum tau vuam
Tus nqi Lifecycle: Txaus siab vim lub neej ua haujlwm ntev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Muaj: Zoo nyob rau hauv European lag luam
Tag nrho tus nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab:
ntawv nyeem
Tus nqi pib: Tus Nqi Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab Nruab
Cov txheej txheem xaiv
Thaum 13CrMo4-5 tsim nyog:
Kev xav tau kubKev khiav hauj lwm kub: 475-525 ° C
Txoj Haujlwm Kev Lag Luam: Qhov twg tus nqi - qhov kev ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb
Cov qauv tsim pov thawj: Rau cov khoom uas muaj keeb kwm kev pab cuam tsim
Xav tau Fabricability zoo: Cov duab tsis yooj yim lossis dav vuam
Kev Ua Raws Cai: Cov phiaj xwm siv European tsim cov lej
Thaum twg los xav txog lwm txoj kev:
Hauv qab 475 ° C: P460NH los yog zoo sib xws tej zaum yuav siv nyiaj ntau dua
Tshaj 525 ° C: Xav txog 10CrMo9-10 lossis zoo sib xws
Cyclic Service heev: Tej zaum yuav xav tau cov khoom siv sib txawv
Ib puag ncig hnyav: Ntau corrosion- cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus xav tau
Siab Siab: Cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog dua tuaj yeem xav tau
Sib npaug Specifications:
| Txuj | Qib sib npaug | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM | A335 P11 | Zoo sib xws, sib txawv zog |
| ASME | SA335 P11 | Tshooj I thiab VIII tau txais |
| DIN | 15CrMo5 | Cov npe qub German |
| ISO | 12CrMo4-5 | Zoo sib xws specification |
Cov ntawv thov niaj hnub thiab cov qauv
Kev siv tam sim no:
Cov Pa Hluav Taws Xob: Tseem siv dav hauv cov chaw uas twb muaj lawm
Lub neej Extension Projects: Hloov cov khoom aging
Muaj boilers: Rau cov txheej txheem chav tsim
Cogeneration Plants: Combined cua sov thiab fais fab system
Kev koom ua ke dua tshiab: Thaub qab thiab ntsuas lub zog
Yav tom ntej Outlook:
Hloov maj mam: Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nyob rau hauv siab - cov nroj tsuag muaj txiaj ntsig
Kev siv txuas ntxiv: Hauv kev lag luam retrofit thiab txij nkawm
Cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb: Qhov twg nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws
Standardization: Tseem muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qauv tsim loj
Sib piv kev tshuaj ntsuam nrog cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb
vs. 16Mo3:
Qhov zoo: Zoo dua creep zog tshaj 475 ° C
Qhov tsis zoo: Tus nqi siab dua, ntau dua vuam
Kev txiav txim PointUa haujlwm kub: ~ 475 ° C
vs P460NH:
Qhov zoo: Superior siab -kub khoom
Qhov tsis zoo: Tsawg chav tsev kub lub zog
Kev txiav txim Point: Kub thiab siab xav tau
vs X11CrMo5-1:
Qhov zoo: Zoo weldability, tus nqi qis
Qhov tsis zoo: Muaj peev xwm qis dua
Kev txiav txim Point: 525 ° C ua haujlwm kub txwv
Cov ntsiab lus:13CrMo4-5 sawv cev rau azoo- tsim, txhim khu kev qha khoomrau nruab nrab kub daim ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim thiab txheej txheem industries. NwsKev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm creep kuj, fabricability, thiab nqiua atxheem xaivrau boiler nruas, headers, thiab piping systems ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub 475-525 ° C ntau ntau xyoo lawm. Thaum cov ntaub ntawv tshiab muaj kev txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias, 13CrMo4-5 tseem tau teev tseg rau cov ntawv thov uas nws cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab kev lag luam zoo muab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo. Saib xyuas kom raugcov txheej txheem vuam thiab kev kho cua sovNws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav daim ntawv thov, tab sis cov kev cai no tsis tshua muaj kev nruj dua li cov hlau alloy siab dua, ua rau nws nkag mus rau ntau yam ntawm fabricators thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm.
