Cov pa roj carbon: qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, qhov nyuaj ntawm cov yeeb nkab yuav ntau dua, tab sis qhov phem dua cov yas thiab tawv.
Sulfur: Nws yog ib qho teeb meem impurity nyob rau hauv steel kav. Yog hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm leej faj nyob rau hauv steel yog siab, nws nyhav dhau los ua nkig ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, feem ntau hu ua thermal embrittlement.
Phosphorus: Nws txo cov plasticity thiab toughness ntawm hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qis kub. Qhov no tshwm sim yog hu ua txias embrittlement. Hauv cov hlau zoo, sulfur thiab phosphorus yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, qib siab ntawm leej faj thiab phosphorus hauv cov pa roj carbon tsawg tuaj yeem ua rau lawv yooj yim txiav thiab pab txhim kho cov khoom txiav ntawm cov hlau.
Manganese: Nws txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau, tsis muaj zog thiab tshem tawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov sulfur thiab txhim kho hardenability ntawm hlau. High alloy steel nrog manganese cov ntsiab lus (siab manganese steel) muaj kev hnav zoo thiab lwm yam khoom siv lub cev.
Silicon: Nws nce hardness ntawm steel, tab sis plasticity thiab toughness txo. Txawm li cas los xij, silicon txhim kho cov khoom sib nqus mos.
Tungsten: nws ua rau cov xim liab thiab kub lub zog ntawm cov hlau thiab txhim kho cov hnav tsis kam ntawm cov hlau.
Chromium: Nws txhim kho lub hardenability, hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj thiab oxidation kuj ntawm hlau.
Vanadium: Nws refines lub grain qauv ntawm hlau thiab txhim kho nws lub zog, toughness thiab hnav tsis kam. Thaum nws melts rau hauv austenite ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, nws ua rau cov hlau hardenability. Piv txwv li, thaum nws tshwm sim raws li carbide, nws hardenability txo.
