Txheej txheem cej luam
X10CrMoVNb9-1 (tseem hu uaP91los yogT91) yog siab -lub zog, creep{1}}resistant, ferritic / martensitic steel. Nws tau tsim los siv rau hauv siab - kub thiab siab - ntu siab ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thiab cov boilers muaj.
Lub "X10" qhia tias nws yog ib qho siab - alloy steel, thiab cov lej thiab cov ntawv uas ua raws cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
1. Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Kev sib xyaw yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws cov khoom. Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv (hauv qhov hnyav%):
| Lub ntsiab | Cov ntsiab lus (%) | Lub hom phiaj |
|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.08 - 0.12 | Muab qhov yooj yim zog. |
| Chromium (Cr) | 8.00 - 9.50 | Confers zoo heev oxidation thiab corrosion kuj ntawm kub kub. |
| Molybdenum (hli) | 0.85 - 1.05 | Nce zog thiab creep kuj. |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.18 - 0.25 | Cov ntaub ntawv zoo, ruaj khov carbides uas tiv thaiv creep deformation. |
| Niobium (Nb) | 0.06 - 0.10 | (Kuj hu ua Columbium, Cb). Daim ntawv NbC carbides rau cov nplej refinement thiab nag lossis daus ntxiv. |
| Nickel (Ni) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.40 | Txhim kho toughness, tab sis khaws cia qis kom muaj cov qauv ferritic ruaj khov. |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.30 - 0.60 | Pab hauv deoxidation thaum steelmaking. |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.20 - 0.50 | Pab hauv deoxidation thiab txhim kho lub zog. |
| Nitrogen (N) | 0.03 - 0.07 | Ua haujlwm nrog Vanadium los tsim kom muaj zog carbonitrides. |
| Phosphorus (P) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.020 | Impurity, khaws cia tsawg los tiv thaiv embrittlement. |
| Sulfur (S) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.010 | Impurity, khaws cia qis los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm kub thiab toughness. |
2. Cov khoom tseem ceeb
Vim li cas cov hlau no dav siv rau cov kav dej boiler? Vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom:
Siab -Temperature Strength & Creep Resistance:Qhov no yog nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov siab ntawm sab hauv thiab kub txog li~ 600℃(1112℃F)rau 100,000 teev yam tsis muaj deformation tseem ceeb (creep). Qhov no tso cai rau cov phab ntsa nyias nyias piv rau cov qib qub xws li P22, txo qhov hnyav thiab thermal stress.
Zoo Oxidation Resistance:Cov ntsiab lus Chromium siab tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv, ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) rau ntawm qhov chaw, tiv thaiv kev scaling thiab degradation nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig.
Tsawg Thermal Expansion:Raws li ferritic / martensitic hlau, nws muaj qis coefficient ntawm thermal expansion dua austenitic stainless hlau (xws li 304, 316). Qhov no txo cov thermal stresses thaum pib thiab kaw lub voj voog ntawm lub boiler.
High Thermal conductivity:Hloov cov cua sov zoo dua li cov hlau austenitic, ua rau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua boiler.
Zoo Weldability:Nws yog weldable, tab sis yuav tsum tau tswj nruj ntawm cov txheej txheem, suav nrog ua ntej - cua sov thiab ib qho kev tshaj tawm -weld heat treatment (PWHT) los kho cov tempered martensitic qauv thiab ua tiav qhov yuav tsum tau toughness.
3. Microstructure
Cov hlau yog muab rau hauvnormalized thiab temperedmob.
Normalizing:Cua sov rau ib ncig ntawm 1050-1100℃thiab cua txias, uas ua rau muaj zog martensitic qauv.
Tempering:Re- cua sov rau ib ncig ntawm 750-780℃thiab cua txias. Qhov no tempers lub martensite, txhim kho nws toughness thiab stabilizing lub microstructure nrog nplua precipitates ntawm V (N, C) thiab NbC.
Qhov kawg microstructure yogtempered martensitenrog rau kev sib cais zoo ntawm carbide thiab carbonitrides.
4. Kev siv ntau hauv Boiler Systems
X10CrMoVNb9-1 cov kav dej yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov kub tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob niaj hnub no:
Main Steam Lines:Nqa superheated chav los ntawm boiler mus rau lub siab - siab turbine.
Kub Reheat Lines:Nqa chav rov qab los ntawm qhov siab - siab turbine mus rau lub boiler rau reheating, thiab ces mus rau nruab nrab - siab turbine.
Superheater thiab Reheater Headers:Cov kav loj - txoj kab uas hla uas sau thiab faib cov chav rau lub superheater thiab reheater coils.
Siab -Tub Pipingnyob rau hauv lub boiler kob.
5. Qib sib npaug
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov sib npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv:
| Txuj | Lub npe | Nco tseg |
|---|---|---|
| EN / DIN | X10CrMoVNb9-1 | Tus thawj European xaiv. |
| ASTM / ASME | A335 P91 | Rau seamless ferritic alloy - steel yeeb nkab. |
| ASTM / ASME | A213 T91 | Rau seamless ferritic alloy - steel tubes (dav me me). |
| ASME | SA335 P91, SA213 T91 | Ib yam li saum toj no. |
| UNS | K90901 | Unified Numbering System. |
| JIS | TIAB SA 29 | Japanese Industrial Standard. |
6. Kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb rau kev siv
Vuam thiab Post- Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb. Vuam yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsim nyog nrog cov khoom siv hlau sib xws (xws li ER90S-B9).PWHT yog qhov yuav tsum tau uatxhawm rau txo kev ntxhov siab thiab ua kom kub hnyiab tau - thaj chaw cuam tshuam (HAZ). PWHT kub ntau yam yog 760 ± 14 degree.
Cooling Rate Tom qab Vuam:Nws yuav tsum tau tswj kom tsis txhob tsim cov tawv, nkig untempered martensite. Qhov no yog tswj los ntawm kev ua raws li kev cai ua ntej -kub thiab interpass kub tswj.
Hom IV Cracking:Qhov no yog ib tug paub tsis ua hauj lwm mechanism nyob rau hauv nplua -grained tshav kub- cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (FGHAZ) ntawm P91 welds nyob rau hauv ntev - lub sij hawm creep kev pab cuam. Tsim kom raug, vuam, thiab PWHT yog qhov tseem ceeb los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo no.
Cov ntsiab lus
X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P91/T91)yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm rau cov niaj hnub, siab -kev ua tau zoo thee- raug rho tawm haujlwm thiab biomass fais fab nroj tsuag. Nws lub zog siab tshaj - qhov kub thiab txias tso cai rau kev tsim cov nroj tsuag uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab qis dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov txiaj ntsig tsuas yog pom tau nrog kev saib xyuas zoo rau kev tsim khoom, vuam, thiab kev kho cua sov raws tu qauv.
