**1. Nqe Lus Nug: Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Shielded Hlau Arc Vuam (SMAW) thiab Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW) cov txheej txheem hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov yeeb nkab vuam, thiab thaum twg koj yuav xaiv ib qho ntawm lwm qhov?**
** Teb:** Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb nyob hauv txoj kev tsim cov arc thiab tiv thaiv cov vuam. SMAW (los yog "stick" vuam) siv cov khoom siv electrode coated hauv flux. Nws yog ntau yam, portable, thiab ua haujlwm zoo sab nraum zoov, txawm tias muaj cua daj cua dub, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim kho thiab vuam kav nrog cov phab ntsa tuab. GTAW (los yog "TIG" welding) siv cov khoom siv tsis yog -tungsten electrode thiab ib lub pas nrig cais, nrog rau cov roj tsis muaj zog. Nws muaj kev tswj hwm zoo tshaj plaws, ua rau siab heev - zoo, huv welds nrog cov hlaws zoo nkauj, thiab nyiam rau cov hauv paus hla ntawm cov kav dej tseem ceeb, nyias - cov kav dej hauv phab ntsa, thiab cov alloys zoo li cov hlau tsis huv uas qhov tseeb yog qhov tseem ceeb.
**2. Nqe Lus Nug: Vim li cas thiaj li yuav tsum tau ua kom sov ua ntej ua ntej vuam tuab - phab ntsa lossis siab - carbon steel kav?**
** Teb: ** Preheating cov yeeb nkab sib koom ua ke rau qhov ntsuas kub ua ntej vuam ua haujlwm ob lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb. Ua ntej, nws ua rau qeeb qeeb ntawm qhov txias ntawm qhov vuam thiab qhov kub ntawm -Tebchaws cuam tshuam (HAZ). Qhov no tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm cov tawv, brittle microstructures (xws li martensite) uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg. Qhov thib ob, nws pab tshem tawm cov dej noo los ntawm qhov chaw, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hydrogen-induced cracking (tseem hu ua txias cracking), uas yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb loj hauv siab - lub zog steel kav.
**3. Nqe Lus Nug: Dab tsi yog Vuam Cov Txheej Txheem Specification (WPS), thiab vim li cas nws tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam yeeb nkab vuam?**
** Teb:** WPS yog cov ntaub ntawv raug cai uas muab cov lus qhia ntxaws txog yuav ua li cas los tsim cov vuam vuam. Nws qhia txog txhua yam tseem ceeb xws li hom hlau puag, vuam txheej txheem, electrode/filler hlau cais, amperage/voltage ranges, preheat thiab interpass kub, thiab shielding roj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb vim tias nws ua kom txhua qhov vuam ua tau zoo tas li thiab rov tsim kho kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab, tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab cov qauv zoo rau cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb (xws li, siab siab, corrosive kua). WPS tau tsim nyog los ntawm kev sim cov qauv kev sib txuas (raws li Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kev Tsim Nyog lossis PQR) kom ua tiav nws txoj kev ncaj ncees.
** 4. Nqe Lus Nug: Hauv kev kuaj tsis yog-kev puas tsuaj (NDT), qhov sib txawv ntawm Radiographic Testing (RT) thiab Ultrasonic Testing (UT) yog dab tsi?**
** Teb:** Ob txoj kev kuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag, tab sis lawv ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv thiab cov txiaj ntsig tam sim no sib txawv. **Radioographic Testing (RT)** siv X-rays lossis gamma rays los tsim 2D duab duab ntawm cov vuam. Nws muab cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov thiab zoo heev rau kev pom qhov tsis xws luag xws li porosity, inclusions, thiab voids, qhia lawv cov duab thiab loj. **Ultrasonic Testing (UT)** siv siab - zaus suab nthwv dej. Tus kws tshaj lij txhais cov teeb liab ntawm lub vijtsam kom pom qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tsis zoo. UT yog qhov nkag siab zoo rau cov teeb meem xws li cov kab nrib pleb thiab tsis muaj fusion, thiab nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm - tuab qhov tob ntawm qhov tsis zoo, tab sis nws tsis muab "daim duab" ncaj qha ntawm qhov tsis xws luag.
**5. Nqe Lus Nug: Lub hom phiaj ntawm "hauv paus hla" hauv ntau- hla cov yeeb nkab vuam yog dab tsi, thiab dab tsi yog qhov xav tau ntawm lub hauv paus hla zoo?**
** Teb:** Lub hauv paus hla yog thawj cov hlaws hlaws tso rau hauv qhov sib koom ua ke, sib txuas ob lub kav dej ua ke los ntawm sab hauv. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los tsim kom tiav kev nkag mus thiab lub suab, zoo li cov hlaws hauv cov hlaws dai (lossis "cov hauv paus hauv paus") tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Ib lub hauv paus zoo yuav tsum yog:
* ** Puv Penetrated: ** Nws yuav tsum fuse tag nrho los ntawm tag nrho cov tuab tuab.
* ** Tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag:** Nws yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov kub hnyiab- dhau ntawm (kev nkag mus ntau dhau), concavity (suck-} rov qab), tsis muaj fusion, lossis tawg.
* ** Raws li:** Cov hlaws sab hauv yuav tsum sib npaug thiab hloov mus rau cov yeeb nkab phab ntsa.
