Cov kav hlau hlau yog cov pob txha ntawm kev lag luam roj thiab roj, thiab lawv tau siv rau txhua theem, txij li kev rho tawm mus rau kev ua haujlwm mus rau kev thauj mus los.
Xaiv cov yeeb nkab kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, ua haujlwm zoo, thiab txhim khu kev qha.
Covob pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel yog seamless thiab welded, txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav muab ib qho kev sib piv ntawm seamless thiab welded kav nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev lag luam roj thiab roj.
Peb yuav npog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, txhua yam khoom tseem ceeb thiab qhov zoo, thiab cov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws.
Peb tseem yuav tham txog ntau yam khoom siv, suav nrog carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless hlau, thiab npib tsib xee alloys, thiab qhia txog kev xaiv cov qib raug rau ntau qhov chaw.
Thaum kawg, peb yuav delve rau hauv cov tswv yim ntawm kev qhia thiab xaj cov yeeb nkab, nrog rau cov qauv tsim, qhov ntev, thiab qhov kawg tiav.
Thaum kawg ntawm tsab xov xwm no, koj yuav nkag siab zoo txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kav dej seamless thiab welded thiab yuav tsum tau nruab rau kev txiav txim siab rau koj cov haujlwm roj thiab roj.
Pipe Hom Piav Qhia
Kev lag luam roj thiab roj siv peb lub ntsiab steel yeeb nkab: Seamless, ERW (Electric Resistance Welded), thiab LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded).
Seamless kavyog tsim los ntawm cov khoom steel hlau uas tau rhuab thiab thawb los yog rub tawm ib daim ntawv los tsim ib lub raj hollow yam tsis muaj welded seams.
Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau siab - cov ntawv thov siab hauv cov dej ntws ntws xws li kev khawb thiab kev tshawb nrhiav, kev xa dej nruab nrab, kev kho cov dej hauv qab, thiab cov kev pabcuam hluav taws xob.
ERW cevyog tsim los siv txias- sib sau, shaping steel coils rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv cylindrical, thiab cov seam yog welded ua ke siv cov hluav taws xob tam sim no.
Lub weld seam khiav raws qhov ntev ntawm cov yeeb nkab. ERW cov kav dej yog tus nqi- zoo rau qis- mus rau - nruab nrab- kev siv siab, xws li thauj dej, roj, thiab roj.
LSAW pipesyog tsim los ntawm dabtsi yog khoov thiab vuam steel daim hlau raws qhov ntev, nrog lub seam khiav ncaj (longitudinal seam) los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug kauv.
Lawv yog siv rau cov kav dej loj - txoj kab uas hla (16-}60 ntiv tes) hauv cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb, xws li cov roj thiab cov kav dej mus ntev hla lub nroog lossis hauv qab dej.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb nkab no thiab lawv cov kev siv hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj:
| Hom yeeb nkab | Kev tsim khoom | Kev ntsuas siab | Tej kev siv |
|---|---|---|---|
| Seamless | Tsis muaj weld seam | Siab | Upstream, midstream, downstream |
| ERW | Ib qho ncaj seam | Tsawg- nruab nrab | Kev thauj dej, roj & roj |
| LSAW | 1-2 ncaj los yog kauv seams | Tsawg- nruab nrab | Kev thauj dej, roj & roj |
Kev tsim cov txheej txheem rau Seamless, ERW, thiab LSAW Pipes
Seamless yeeb nkab ntau lawm
Seamless kav yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm kub yam tsis muaj vuam. Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb yog:
Ib qho khoom siv puag ncig steel hlau yog rhuab hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tig mus rau ib puag ncig 1204C / 2200F.
Lub pob liab liab - kub yog ces pierced los ntawm qhov chaw uas siv ib tug piercer point los tsim ib tug hollow raj.
Lub raj hollow dhau los ntawm lub tshuab ntsaws, qhov twg lub mandrel yog ntxig. Tom qab ntawd lub raj yog dov kom txo cov phab ntsa tuab thiab ua kom ntev.
Cov yeeb nkab yog ces dhau los ntawm sizing stands kom ua tiav qhov kawg qhov ntev.
Tom qab txias, cov yeeb nkab yog ncaj, txiav kom ntev, sim, thiab xa mus.
Cov kav dej tsis sib haum tuaj yeem ua kom txias ntxiv los tsim cov kav dej nrog cov kab me me thiab cov phab ntsa nyias.
ERW Pipe Production
ERW kav dej yog tsim los ntawm txias- ua steel coil thiab vuam cov seam:
Qhov tsim nyog dav thiab ntsuas steel kauj yog xaiv thiab thauj mus rau ib qho uncoiler.
Lub strips dhau los ntawm cov chais, ua rau nws mus rau hauv ib puag ncig.
Cov ntug ntev yog rhuab los ntawm kev hla lub siab - zaus tam sim no ntawm lawv.
Rolls nias cov npoo ua ke los tsim ib qho fusion weld yam tsis ntxiv cov hlau muab tub lim.
Cov yeeb nkab welded dhau los ntawm sizing sawv kom ua tiav txoj kab kawg.
Cov yeeb nkab yog txiav kom ntev, qhov kawg yog tsim (dawb, bevelled, threaded, thiab lwm yam), thiab cov yeeb nkab raug kuaj ua ntej shipping.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ERW yog tas mus li, nrog cov yeeb nkab txav ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm los ntawm kev sib sau thiab vuam sawv.
LSAW Pipe Production
LSAW kav yog tsim los ntawm steel phaj uas yog tsim thiab welded:
Cov phaj hlau raug xaiv, thiab cov npoo yog milled los npaj lawv rau vuam.
Lub phaj yog ua ntej- khoov rau ntawm lub xovxwm nres kom pib ua rau hauv ib puag ncig.
AU- nias ua lub phaj rau hauv U-puab, thiab O- nias kaw U rau hauv lub raj.
Lub longitudinal seam yog pib tack welded rau sab hauv los tuav cov npoo ua ke.
Cov yeeb nkab yog tom qab ntawd dhau los ntawm qhov chaw vuam tsis siv neeg uas nteg ntau dhau ntawm submerged arc welds sab hauv thiab sab nraud.
Ib tug neeg kho tshuab expander expands Cov yeeb nkab welded me ntsis kom ua tiav ib puag ncig zoo.
Cov yeeb nkab yog txiav kom ntev, bevelled, kuaj hydrostatically, thiab tshuaj xyuas ua ntej xa khoom.
LSAW cov kav dej feem ntau yog siv rau cov kab loj dua (16 "thiab siab dua) thiab muaj cov phab ntsa tuab dua li ERW kav dej.
Pros thiab Cons ntawm Seamless, ERW, thiab LSAW Pipes
Seamless Yeeb Nkab
Pros:
Tsis muaj weld seam tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog thiab tso cai rau kev ntsuas siab dua
Ib tug du sab hauv nto yuav txo tau kev sib txhuam thiab turbulence rau zoo ntws yam ntxwv
Superior lub zog, durability thiab tsis kam rau dabtsi yog khoov thiab cuam tshuam quab yuam
Zoo heev corrosion kuj vim tsis muaj weld seam
Tuav qhov kub thiab txias kom zoo, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov roj tseem ceeb & roj, tshuaj, thiab kev siv fais fab
Cons:
Ntau kim tshaj welded kav vim txoj kev tsim complex
Tsawg me me ntau yam, nrog cov kev cov nyom uas ua rau me me los yog loj heev diameters
Ntev ntev yog qhov nyuaj, yog li cov kev xaiv loj tuaj yeem txwv ntau dua li cov kav dej welded
Cov phab ntsa tuab thiab hnyav dua li cov kav dej welded
ERW Pipes
Pros:
Tus nqi qis dua seamless vim muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab ntau dua automated vuam txheej txheem
Muaj nyob rau hauv ntev ntev txij li tsis muaj kev txwv sizing zoo li seamless
Cov phab ntsa nyias thiab sib zog dua li seamless thaum tseem tuav lub zog zoo
Smooth sab hauv thiab sab nrauv
Haum rau kev siv qis mus rau nruab nrab- cov ntawv siv siab xws li kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tsim kho
Cons:
Weld seam yog qhov muaj peev xwm tsis muaj zog vs seamless, txo qis kev ntsuas
Weld yog qhov cuam tshuam rau corrosion ntau dua li seamless lub cev
Kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav ntawm weld seam yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees
Tsis haum rau qhov tseem ceeb siab -siab, siab- kub, lossis kev siv kev pabcuam hnyav
LSAW Pipes
Pros:
Kov siab dua thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntau dua li ERW vim yog cov phab ntsa hnyav dua thiab ntau qhov sib txuas
Sizing yooj-ib qho kev xaiv rau cov kav dej loj dua 16 "
Tight tolerances thiab zoo seem tswj
Haum rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb xws li ntev -cov roj thiab cov kab sib kis
Cons:
Nws yog kim dua ERW vim cov khoom hnyav dua thiab cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb
Muaj peev xwm rau qhov tsis xws luag yog tias cov txheej txheem tsis raug tswj kom txaus, xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas nruj thiab kev sim
Cov phab ntsa tuab thiab hnyav nce cov nqi khoom vs ERW
Qhov loj thiab qhov ntev txwv vs ERW
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov kav dej seamless muab lub zog siab tshaj plaws, lub peev xwm siab, thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev xav tau roj & roj, tshuaj, thiab kev siv fais fab nroj tsuag.
Kev lag luam tawm yog tus nqi siab dua thiab ntau qhov kev xaiv me me.
ERW yog tus nqi -kev xaiv zoo rau kev siv hluav taws xob dav dav thiab kev siv kev tsim kho qhov chaw vuam seam tsis yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb loj.
Nws muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab ntev ntev.
LSAW yog ib qho hnyav -lub luag haujlwm welded xaiv rau loj - txoj kab uas hla, siab - cov kav dej uas xav tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws vuam zoo thiab tshuaj xyuas.
Multi-pass welds muab lub zog mus txog seamless.
Qhov tseem ceeb yog xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog raws li kev soj ntsuam daim ntawv thov kom zoo thiab ib puag ncig lub siab, kub, corrosivity, thiab kev thuam.
Xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws hlau hom rau cov roj & cov kav dej
Hlau alloy
Alloy steels muaj cov ntsiab lus alloying tshaj hlau thiab carbon los txhim kho lub zog, toughness, corrosion kuj, los yog siab -kub kev ua haujlwm.
Cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau (tsawg dua 8% cov ntsiab lus alloy) feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj rau:
Laum cov kav dej thiab laum dab tshos
Casing thiab tubing
Valves, wellheads, thiab Xmas ntoo
Fasteners zoo li txiv ntseej, bolts, thiab studs
Cov ntsiab lus alloying muab lub zog ntau dua, tso cai rau cov phab ntsa nyias nyias, uas txo qhov hnyav thiab tus nqi. Qee cov alloys kuj tiv thaiv hydrogen sulphide (H2S) tawg thiab corrosion.
Carbon Steel
Carbon steels muaj cov hlau thiab carbon, tsuas yog cov seem ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus.
Lawv raug cais raws li qis, nruab nrab, lossis siab carbon raws li cov ntsiab lus carbon. Cov pa roj carbon steel yog dav siv hauv roj thiab roj rau:
Flowlines thiab pipelines
Cia tanks thiab cov hlab ntsha siab
Cov khoom siv xws li kab teeb, daim hlau, thiab tubular
Tsawg-cov kav dej siab
Carbon steels muaj zog, tawv, thiab kuj pheej yig.
Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion tsis zoo thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau H2S tawg hauv kev pabcuam qaub. Inhibitors los yog coatings feem ntau yuav tsum tau.
Stainless hlau
Stainless hlau muaj tsawg kawg yog 10.5% chromium, uas tsim cov txheej txheem oxide tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw, muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev.
Qib siv roj thiab roj muaj xws li:
Austenitic (300 series): 304, 316, 317, 321, 347
Ferritic: 405, 430
Martensitic: 410, 420, 431
Duplex:2205, 2507 super duplex
Stainless hlau yog siv rau cov khoom tseem ceeb uas raug dej hiav txwv, dej tsim, CO2, chlorides thiab ib puag ncig qaub qaub:
Cov khoom siv subsea
Wellhead thiab Xmas ntoo Cheebtsam
Thaum tshav kub kub exchangers thiab siab hlab ntsha
Piping, valve, thiab instrumentation
Lub zog siab ntawm duplex qib tso cai rau cov phab ntsa nyias, thaum super austenitic thiab super duplex muab kev tiv thaiv rau cov mob hnyav.
Txawm li cas los xij, stainless hlau muaj tus nqi pib ntau dua li carbon steel.
Nickel alloys
Nickel alloys muaj qib siab nickel thiab lwm yam khoom xws li chromium thiab molybdenum rau qhov siab tshaj plaws corrosion kuj, txawm nyob rau hauv kub, acidic, thiab qaub heev. Cov qib uas muaj xws li:
Nickel{0}} tooj liab:Monel 400, K-500
Nickel{0}}chromium- hlau: 825, 625, 718
Nickel{0}}chromium- molybdenum: C-276, 2550, 686
Nickel{0}}hlau-chromium:800, 800, 800 HT
Nickel alloys yog siv rau cov kev xav tau tshaj plaws uas cov hlau tsis muaj peev xwm:
Cov dej qab ntsev thiab cov dej ntws
Subsea manifolds thiab jumpers
Cov cuab yeej Downhole thiab kev nyab xeeb li qub
Cov nkoj thiab cov kav dej hauv cov refineries thiab cov nroj tsuag roj
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion kuj thiab ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tuaj ntawm tus nqi siab dua li cov hlau tsis muaj steel.
Nickel alloys tau tshwj tseg rau qhov chaw hnyav uas yuav ua rau lwm cov hlau tsis zoo.
Cov pa roj carbon steel yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig rau ntau daim ntawv thov roj thiab roj, thaum alloy steels muab kev txhawb zog thiab tawv thaum xav tau.
Stainless hlau tiv thaiv corrosion nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig aqueous, thaum npib tsib xee alloys ncua kev kawm nyob rau hauv kub, acidic, thiab qaub tej yam kev mob.
Cov kua dej muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo ntsuas los xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws alloy rau lub sijhawm ntev - kev ntseeg siab thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Nkag siab Seamless thiab Welded Pipe Dimensions thiab Size
Nominal Pipe Loj (NPS)
Cov yeeb nkab loj yog feem ntau teev los ntawm cov yeeb nkab nominal (NPS), uas yog tus tsim tsis muaj qhov loj. Rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg 1/8 txog 12 ntiv tes, NPS sib raug rau cov yeeb nkab kwv yees li hauv kab (ID) hauv ntiv tes, siv cov feem ntau. Piv txwv li, NPS 2 yeeb nkab muaj ID ntawm kwv yees li 2.1 ntiv tes.
Rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg 14 ntiv tes thiab siab dua, NPS yog kwv yees sab nraud txoj kab uas hla (OD) hauv ntiv tes. Yog li, NPS 20 yeeb nkab muaj OD txog 20 ntiv tes.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias qhov tseeb OD thiab ID yuav txawv nyob ntawm phab ntsa thickness teev.
Phab ntsa Thickness
Phab ntsa thickness txiav txim siab cov yeeb nkab qhov ntsuas thiab qhov hnyav. Nws yog feem ntau teev los ntawm lub sijhawm (Sch) tus lej lossis qhov tseeb tuab hauv nti lossis millimeters.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov sijhawm teem sijhawm yog 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, thiab 160. Cov lej ntau dua, cov phab ntsa tuab dua. Piv txwv li, NPS 6 Sch 40 yeeb nkab muaj phab ntsa tuab ntawm 0.280", thaum NPS 6 Sch 80 muaj phab ntsa tuab ntawm 0.432".
Rau ib qho NPS muab, cov kav dej nrog lub sijhawm sib txawv yuav muaj tib yam OD tab sis txawv IDs. Lub OD tseem nyob tas li, thiab tus ID txo qis thaum phab ntsa thickens.
Raws li ASME Standards
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) luam tawm ntau tus qauv uas npog qhov ntev ntawm cov kav dej ua los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv:
ASME B36.10:Welded thiab seamless carbon steel thiab alloy steel
ASME B36.19:Stainless hlau
ASME B36.20:Cov khoom siv hlau rau kev siv dav dav
ASME B36.21:Cov khoom siv nonmetallic rau kev siv dav dav
Cov qauv no muab cov rooj qhov ntev rau NPS 1/8 txog 80, qhia txog OD, ID, phab ntsa tuab, qhov hnyav ib ko taw, thiab lwm yam tsis tseem ceeb rau txhua qhov sib xyaw ntawm NPS thiab lub sijhawm lossis phab ntsa tuab.
Cov qauv ua kom muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, txawm hais tias qee qhov kev hloov pauv tau tso cai nyob rau hauv qhov kev zam.
Kev xa mus rau tus qauv tsim nyog thaum qhia lossis xaj cov yeeb nkab yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej qhov ntev raws li cov ntawv thov, cov kav dej, thiab cov cai.
Seamless thiab Welded Yeeb Nkab Lengths thiab End Finishes
Cov yeeb nkab ntev
Cov kav hlau steel feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev xaiv ntev:
Ib leeg random lengths (SRL)yog qhov kev xaiv tshaj plaws thiab kev lag luam. Qhov ntev yuav txawv tab sis feem ntau yog 16 txog 24 ko taw ntev. Lub zeb optimizes qhov ntev kom txo cov seem thaum tsim khoom.
Ob chav random lengths (DRL):Cov no yog ob zaug ntev li ib qho random, xws li ntawm 32 txog 48 ko taw. Lawv tsis tshua muaj ntau thiab tej zaum yuav muaj tsawg, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem txo cov kev sib txuas uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv cov kav dej ntev.
Tshwj xeeb txiav lengths:Cov kav dej tuaj yeem raug txiav txim rau qhov ntev raws li tus neeg siv khoom xav tau. Qhov no yog kim dua vim nws yuav tsim ntau seem rau lub zeb thiab xav tau kev teeb tsa ntxiv thiab tuav. Kev txiav ntev yog feem ntau tsuas yog teev thaum lub sijhawm ntev yog qhov tseem ceeb, xws li rau kev tsim cov spool los yog kev sib txuas ntawm ntug dej uas cov pob qij txha yuav tsum haum rau qhov tseeb.
Qhov muaj nyob ntev kuj yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab phab ntsa thickness ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Cov kab uas loj dua thiab cov phab ntsa hnyav dua yog qhov nyuaj dua los tuav thiab thauj, yog li lawv yuav raug txwv rau qhov ntev dua.
Xaus Xaus
Qhov kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ntau txoj hauv kev nyob ntawm seb nws yuav koom nrog li cas:
Plain kawg (PE):Qhov kawg yog txiav square thiab sab laug tsis tiav. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws haum rau vuam lossis cov khoom siv sib txuas.
Bevelled kawg (BE):Qhov kawg raug txiav ntawm lub kaum sab xis, feem ntau yog 30℃lossis 37.5 degree, los tsim V-groove rau vuam. Lub bevel tso cai rau ua tiav kev nkag mus ntawm cov hlau weld rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke. Bevelled xaus yog qhov kev xaiv tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho welded.
Threaded kawg (TE):Qhov kawg yog threaded tog twg los externally (txiv neej) los yog internally (poj niam) kom cov kav dej yuav tsum tau screwed ua ke. Cov xov sib txuas feem ntau yog siv rau qis - cov ntawv thov siab xws li cov kav dej lossis cua thiab kev teeb tsa ib ntus lossis nqa tau yooj yim. Cov xov tuaj yeem yog tapered (NPT) lossis ncaj (BSPP lossis BSPT).
Threaded thiab txuas (T&C):Ib qho kawg yog sab nraud threaded, thiab ib co coupling (lub tes tsho) yog screwed rau nws. Lwm qhov kawg ntawm cov coupling yog internally threaded los txais cov yeeb nkab tom ntej. Qhov no tso cai rau kev sib dhos ceev thiab disassembly hauv thaj teb.
Grooved kawg:Ib tug zawj yog txiav nyob ib ncig ntawm lub voj voog ntawm cov yeeb nkab nyob ze ntawm qhov kawg kom txais ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas. Grooved couplings tso cai rau kev teeb tsa sai thiab qee qhov yooj yim hauv kev sib koom ua ke kom haum rau thermal expansion lossis contraction.
