Nondestructive Kev Xeem thiab Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Zoo rau Astm A335 P22 Kav

ASTM A335 P22 P22 Cov P22 Cov Khoom Siv Hlau Ntau Ntau Qhov Tseem Ceeb Tshaj tawm kom ntseeg tau tias sab hauv thiab sab nrauv, txhua tus qauv los kuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag. Cov txheej txheem NDT muaj xws liKev Kuaj Ultrasonic (ut), Sib nqus Particle kuaj (MT), Ua kua rau kev sim ua kua (PT), thiabRadioGraphic Xeem (RT), nrog lawv daim ntawv thov cov xwm txheej txhais los ntawm qhov chaw tsis taus thiab cov quav yeeb nkab. Kev sim ultrasonic, raws txoj kev ntsuas ntawm ASTM E213 (cov qauv ntsuas kev ua haujlwm sab nrauv thiab cov leeg ntoo) Nws yog ib txwm ua rau 100% ntawm cov kav dej tiav, zoo li sab hauv qhov tsis xws luag {{cov kev pab muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv high- kub kev pab. Sib nqus partle kuaj, tom qab Ashtm E709 (cov lus qhia qauv rau kev sib nqus particle particle kuaj), nyob saum toj tsis xws li cov kab nrib pleb Nws tau thov rau sab nraud (thiab sab hauv, yog tias siv tau) tom qab kev kho cua sov, raws li thermal kev nyuaj siab tuaj yeem qee zaum cov microcracks ntawm cov npoo. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua kua, rau ASTM E165 (tus qauv xyaum rau cov tshuaj sim ua kua), yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog siv, yog tias P22 yog cov khoom sib nqus, PT kuj tseem siv tau rau cov pob qij txha tseem ceeb). Xov Xwm Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob, cov lus qhia rau ASTM E186 (tus qauv siv hluav taws xob, tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntawm Welded thiab cov leeg sib xyaw ua ke, uas tuaj yeem ua rau to taub hau. Txhua txoj kev ua tiav cov lwm tus: Uj yeej piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej sab hauv, MT / PT chaw nyob cov teeb meem saum npoo av, thiab rt scenifies cov teeb meem zoo thoob plaws ntawm cov yeeb nkab tus qauv.

ASTM A335 Qhia Txog Cov Txheej Txheem Tsis Txaus Siab Rau Cov Tsis Txaus Siab Rau Cov Neeg Tsis Txaus Ntseeg Thaum NDT ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb P22, nrog cov qauv sib txawv los ntawm cov qauv hom thiab ndt. RauKev Kuaj Ultrasonic (ut), tus qauv txwv ib qho "teeb ​​liab amplitude tshaj qhov tsis xws luag (piv txwv li cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg (piv txwv li cov lus tawm hauv qab)}}}} i} Ib qho ntxiv, linear tsis xws luag (piv txwv li, cov kab nrib pleb) ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam (piv txwv li tsis pub dhau 5% ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig- ntu ntu. RauSib nqus Particle kuaj (MT)thiabUa kua rau kev sim ua kua (PT), the acceptance threshold is even stricter: no visible indication of surface or near-surface defects (such as cracks, splits, or deep seams) is permitted. "Visible indication" is defined as any defect that can be observed with the naked eye (aided by standard lighting, 500-1000 lux) after applying MT particles or PT developer-even small linear indications (length >3 mm) or rounded indications (diameter >2 hli) tau txiav txim siab tsis lees paub, raws li lawv tuaj yeem ua raws li kev ntxhov siab cov kev ntxhov siab thiab propagate hauv qab high- kub siab. RauRadioGraphic Xeem (RT)ntawm welded P22 kav dej, AVEM A335 REFERS ASTM E446 (tus qauv xyaum rau cov tsis xws luag los ntawm qhov loj me thiab hom: porosity yog lees txais tsuas yog tias tus kheej pores<1.6 mm in diameter and the total number per 25 mm length of weld is <3; lack of fusion or slag inclusions are prohibited entirely, as they create discontinuities that can lead to weld failure. If a pipe fails NDT, ASTM allows for Ib qho kev kho kho(piv txwv li, sib tsoo tawm ib qho chaw tawg thiab rov ua dua nrog MT / PT, lossis rewelding ib qho kev sib koom tes puas thiab rov qab ua dua nrog RT / UT); Yog tias cov yeeb nkab kho tseem poob NDT, nws yuav tsum tau hloov, raws li rov kho dua tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov yeeb nkab cov qauv kev ntseeg.

Kev txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau ASTM A335 P22 - Cov Qauv Tshwj Xeeb thiab cov khoom lag luam kawg tau ua tiav, tsis muaj qhov khoob ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas. ThaumSMELTING THIAB BILLET NTAU LAWM, Kev kuaj xyuas zoo tshwm sim ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Ua ntej, tom qab} Qhov no yog 100% {{}}}}} kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm ncaj qha. Qhov thib ob, ua ntej cov nqi xa mus rau cov yeeb nkab dov, 5% ntawm billets rau cov lamination kub (ttm ThaumYeeb Nkab Raug(Kub Rolling / Txias Drawing), hauv {- Ultrasonic Ultrasonic Tickness yog ua kom tuab (100% Rau cold - Cov kav dej, tom qab kev kos duab ib qho kev kos duab (siv Laser Dia Tom qabKev Kho Cua Sov (Li Qub + Tempering), 100% ntawm cov kav dej yauv mus sab saum npoo NDT: MT (ASTM E709) rau sab nraud chaw thiab PT (ASTM E165) rau cov cua sov - inducions. Ua ntejTus Me Nyuam Zaum Kawg, muaj kev soj ntsuam ntau dua "yog ua: txhua pob (tt) (Astm E213) thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas (Astm A965) los xyuas rau qhov tsis xws luag saum npoo av zoo li khawb lossis corrosion. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias cov yeeb nkab tau npaj rau cov ntawv tseem ceeb (piv txwv li cov neeg yuav khoom siv cov neeg sawv cev "{13- kom paub meej tias kev ua raws. Cov zaus ua haujlwm luv luv thiab cov tshuaj khib nyiab: 100% tshev, cov tshuaj lom neeg, tsis muaj cov nqi kho mob tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo.

ASTM A335 MORTSATATING Ib pawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog kom paub meej P22 cov yeeb nkab steel zoo, "uas yuav tsum tau muab rau tus neeg yuav khoom ua ntej lossis xa khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yog tusCov khoom xeem ntawv pov thawj (MTC), tseem hu ua "zeb ntsuam xyuas daim ntawv tshaj tawm (MT)," uas yuav tsum muaj rau txhua lub batch ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom zoo (QA) tus thawj tswj hwm rau kev ua raws cai. Lub MTC yuav tsum suav nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm tau npaj ua ntau ntu: Ua ntej,Cov ntsiab lus qhia txog cov ntsiab lus(Yeeb tau qhab nia: A335 P22; cua sov: tus lej sib txawv rau cov kab hluav taws xob me me, cov lej phab ntsa: txuas rau tus lej kev yuav khoom). Thib ob,Tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom siv tshuaj(Per ASTM E1019 lossis E350), teev qhov tseeb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov chaw (C, MN, PE, ua pov thawj cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua. Thib peb,Cov Khoom Siv Neeg Kho Tshuab(Per astm A370), suav nrog lub zog tensile, tshem tawm lub zog uas tau nqus (piv txwv li cov khoom siv sib tw ntawm cov yeeb nkab mid {6} ntev "). Plaub,Ndt cov txiaj ntsig, qhia txog hom NDT ua (UT, MT, qhov chaw kho, "mm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab dhau los ntawm (}..} Thib tsib,Kev Kho Cua Sov Cov Ntaub Ntawv, suav nrog kev ntsuas kub (8900), ntsuas kub (675-760 Ntxiv nrog rau MTC, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum muabKev Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Ntawv QhiaRau cov kev xeem tshwj xeeb (yog tias yuav tsum tau los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom), xws li hydrostatic siab sim (ib astm aitm ai999) lossis kev kuaj mob (ASTM E139). Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau khaws cia los ntawm cov khw rau tsawg kawg 10 xyoo (ib qho as}} ceev {} {, ASME rau cov khoom siv txom nyem siab). Rau kev thauj khoom thoob ntiaj teb, MTC yuav tau muaj ntawv pov thawj los ntawm ib qho kev ua haujlwm soj ntsuam qhov tseeb, txhawm rau ua raws li cov kev cai tshuaj xyuas cov kev cai hauv tus neeg yuav lub teb chaws.

Thib peb - kev tshuaj xyuas (TPI) ua yeeb yam zoo rau {} ecear zog (piv txwv li, lub zog loj, offshore roj refining) qhov twg ua tsis tiav yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. TPIs are typically hired by the buyer (or specified in the purchase contract) and are accredited by recognized bodies (eg, ISO/IEC 17020) to ensure their competence. Lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb pibThaum muaj ntau lawm: Ua ntej, lawv raug kuaj xyuas cov tshuab tswj hwm zoo (QMS) kom paub meej tias nws tau ua tiav}, thiab yog tias cov neeg ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, thiab aws, asnt Theem II). Thib ob, lawv ua tim khawv cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb hauv kev ntsuas tshuaj lom neeg yog qhov kev ntsuas kom yooj yim), thiab cov khoom siv tshuab hluav taws xob muaj cov qauv antm Piv txwv li, thaum lub sijhawm kuaj MT, tus kws kuaj mob TPI yuav paub meej tias lub zog sib nqus muaj zog yog qhov txaus (ib ashtm e709) thiab hais tias tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag yog tsis muaj tseeb lossis tsis raug. Thib peb, thaum lub sijhawmKev kuaj xyuas zaum kawg(Ua ntej xa khoom), TPIS ua cov qauv ntsuas ntawm cov kav dej los ntawm cov kav dej {}}} Kuv tuaj yeem xaiv cov chaw tsim khoom siv tau. Yog pom tias tsis sib xws tau pom (piv txwv li cov yeeb nkab nyuaj tshaj 207 HB, uas yog ua txhaum cai (piv txwv li, kev kho kom rov kho dua tshiab TPIS kuj tseem tshuaj xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas qhov ua tiav thiab cov ntaub ntawv xeem (piv txwv li, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis muaj tseeb, xws li cov qauv cua sov tsis raug. Thaum kawg, TPIS qhov teeb meem aThib peb - Kev Soj Ntsuam Kev Tshaj TawmQhia txog lawv cov kev tshawb pom, suav nrog kev ua tiav / tsis ua tiav, ib qho kev pom zoo, thiab kev pom zoo rau kev xa khoom (piv txwv li P222 Pipes tau pom zoo rau kev xa khoom "). Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no muab cov neeg yuav khoom nrog kev ntseeg siab tias cov kav dej tau ntsib ATM A335 cov qauv, raws li nws yog raws li kev pheej hmoo ntawm lees txais kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis kam lees cov kav dej uas tuaj yeem ua tsis tau kev pab. Hauv qee qhov kev lag luam (piv txwv li, European Union cov cuab yeej ntsuas siab, PED), TPI cov kav dej hauv siab, ua TPIS qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo.