① Tam sim no yog dab tsi?
Nws yog hais txog qhov kawg ua extrication lossis zaum kawg kev kho cua sov ntawm cov khoom xa tawm. Feem ntau, cov khoom xa tawm yam tsis muaj kev kho cua sov yog hu ua kub-rolled lossis txias-kos (dov) xwm txheej lossis kev tsim qauv; Cov khoom xa tawm tom qab kev kho cua sov hu ua xwm txheej kub, lossis ib txwm ua), kev siv simpling, kev daws teeb meem raws li hom kev kho cua sov. Thaum kev txiav txim, qhov xwm txheej xa khoom yuav tsum tau qhia hauv daim ntawv cog lus.
②w yog tus me nyuam los ntawm qhov hnyav lossis tus xa tawm los ntawm theoretical hnyav
Qhov hnyav tiag tiag-thaum lub sijhawm xa khoom, cov khoom lag luam hnyav yog xa tawm raws li qhov hnyav (hnyav) qhov hnyav;
Theoretical qhov hnyav-thaum lub sij hawm xa, cov khoom nyhav yog qhov hnyav tau suav raws li lub nominal loj ntawm cov hlau. Qhov kev suav cov mis yog raws li hauv qab no (yog tias xa khoom yuav tsum muaj raws li qhov hnyav hnyav, nws yuav tsum tau teev rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus):
Theoretical hnyav ntawm steel yeeb ib twg meter (ceev ntawm cov hlau yog 7.85kg \/ dm3) kev sib piv cov qauv:
W=0.0246615 (D-S) S
Qhov twg: w -- theoretical hnyav ntawm steel yeeb nkab ib meter, kg \/ m;
D -- nominal txheej uas lub taub ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel, hli;
S -- nominal phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel, hli.
③ lav cov xwm txheej
Kev tshuaj xyuas raws li cov khoom teev tseg ntawm cov qauv tam sim no thiab kev ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm tus qauv yog hu ua cov neeg lav. Lav cov kev mob tau muab faib ua:
A. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb (tseem hu ua kev lees paub tau). Txawm hais tias yog tus neeg yuav khoom tshwj xeeb qhia nws hauv daim ntawv cog lus. Kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum tau nqa tawm raws li cov txheej txheem txheem thiab cov txiaj ntsig tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum tau lees tias kom tau raws li cov qauv.
Xws li cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov kev sib txawv, cov kev sib txawv, qhov ua kom muaj zog, kev ntsuas dej siab lossis lwm yam kev ntsuas ua tau zoo yog txhua tus neeg yuav tsum tau ua tiav.
B. Pom zoo lees paub cov xwm txheej: Ntxiv rau cov kev tsim nyog ntawm cov kev xav tau, tom qab kev cai lij choj ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab sau tseg hauv daim ntawv cog lus? " lossis "thaum tus xav tau yuav tsum tau ..., nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg hauv daim ntawv cog lus"; Qee tus neeg muas zaub muaj cov txheej txheem tseev kom muaj rau cov txheej txheem yooj yim hauv cov khoom (xws li lwm yam, xws li cov yeeb nkab kws tshuaj xyuas (xws li cov txheej txheem steel, thiab lwm yam). Thaum muab ib qho kev txiav txim, cov lus hais saum toj no thiab cov khoom yuav tsum tau sib cav sib ceg, thiab cov khoom pom zoo muab tau tso npe thiab sau tseg hauv daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li, cov mob no tseem hu ua cov lus cog tseg lees paub. Cov khoom lag luam nrog cov kev pom zoo lav cov neeg mob feem ntau yuav raug tus nqi nce.
④ batch
Cov "batch" hauv cov qauv hais txog kev kuaj xyuas chav tsev, uas yog, kev kuaj xyuas pob. Yog hais tias cov batch yog pawg los ntawm cov chav xa khoom, nws yog hu ua tus xa khoom. Thaum tus me nyuam batch yog loj, tus me nyuam batch tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau qhov kev kuaj xyuas cov batches; Thaum tus me nyuam batch yog me me, ib pob tshuaj kuaj xyuas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb tus xa khoom.
Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm "pob" feem ntau yog cov raws li hauv qab no (saib cov qauv cuam tshuam rau cov ntsiab lus):
A. Txhua pawg yuav tsum muaj ntawm cov kav hlau hlau ntawm tib hom (cov qib steel), tib lub tshuab hluav taws xob (tank) tus lej lossis tib lub rooj kho cua sov (cua sov).
B. Rau cov roj carbon hlau zoo heev ntawm cov kav hlau ua kom zoo nkauj, lawv tuaj yeem tsim ntawm cov kav hlau, tib lub tshuab hluav taws xob (rauv) los ntawm cov cua sov (tso tsheb hlau luam).
C. Txhua txoj hlua ntawm Welded Steel kav yuav tsum tsim los ntawm cov kav hlau hlau ntawm tib hom tshuab (cov qib hlau) thiab tib cov lus tshwj xeeb.
⑤ Zoo Hlau Thiab Txheej Txheem Zoo Hlau
Nyob rau hauv GB \/ t 699-1999 thiab gb \/ t} tus qauv yog cov zoo steels, thiab vice virs, thiab lwm yam yog cov hlau zoo.
High-zoo steel yog zoo dua rau cov hlau zoo hauv qee lossis tag nrho cov hauv qab no:
A. Nqaim cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw ua ke;
B. Txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv phom sij (xws li cov leej faj, phosphorus, thiab tooj liab);
C. Ua kom muaj kev coj dawb huv (xav tau tsawg dua tsis yog xim hlau suav);
D. Txhim kho cov khoom siv tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo.
⑥ Ntev ntev thiab hloov chaw
Nyob rau hauv tus qauv, ntev yog hais txog cov kev taw qhia ncig mus rau kev ua si kev taw qhia (piv txwv li, raws kev ua si kev coj ua); Transverse yog hais txog cov kev taw qhia mus rau txoj kev taw qhia (kev ua si kev taw qhia ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel).
Thaum ua qhov kev cuam tshuam ua haujlwm xeem, qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov hnoos qeev ntev ntev yog txiav rau kev coj ua. Yog li ntawd, nws yog hu ua transverse lov; Lub pob txha ntawm cov hnoos qeev ntawm cov hnoos qeev yog ib puag ncig mus rau txoj kev ua si, yog li nws yog hu ua kev sib tw ntev.
