### 1. Yuav ua li cas kom kuaj tau zoo steel?
Txheeb xyuas cov hlau zoo yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev tshuaj xyuas, cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas, thiab kuaj thiab kuaj pom. Ntawm no yog cov hau kev tseem ceeb:
* ** PIB COV NTAUB NTAWV: ** Nco ntsoov thov kom muaj daim ntawv pov thawj zeb xeem (MTC lossis MTR). Qhov no yog cov hlau "daim ntawv pov thawj hnub yug" thiab muab cov khoom pov thawj tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv neeg kho tshuab.
* ** Soj ntsuam pom tseeb: ** Saib rau sab nraud zoo nkauj, ib qho chaw du, cov ris tsho zoo nkauj tau ua tiav ntawm cov xeb ntau dhau los ntawm cov xeb ntau dhau, cov nqaws, pits, lossis yob tsis xws luag.
* ** Kev ntsuas txim (rau cov neeg siv kev paub): ** Zom cov hlau thiab saib lub txim taws. -} Cov hlau ua tau zoo tau ntev, ncaj sparks nrog ntau rab rawg (hu ua "tawg"). Tus qauv sib txawv nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon.
* ** Hardness Kuaj: ** Siv lub testness fardness porter (piv txwv li, rockwell lossis brinell). Hardness feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam.
* ** TOID TEST: ** Ntaus nws maj mam muab. High - Zoo steel feem ntau yog ua kom pom tseeb, thaum lub siab tsis zoo los yog yaum cov hlau ua suab nrov thiab tiaj tus.
* ** Kev soj ntsuam ua tau zoo: ** Rau kev xeem tseem ceeb, kev xeem ua haujlwm zoo li Charpy Erestions Chate (rau kev kuaj Charpy) lossis khoov mus kuaj tau los xyuas cov khoom.
### 2. Yuav ua li cas yog cov qib steel tau cais?
Cov qib qib steel tau faib rau hauv cov pab pawg raws lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab npaj thov. Cov kab ke tseem ceeb yog:
* ** Cov hlau hlau: ** Cov neeg cais tshwj xeeb li qis, nruab nrab, thiab muaj cov pa hlau siab. Lub Koom Haum Thawj Yog Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha cuam tshuam thiab lub zog.
* ** ALLOY STEEL: ** muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb (zoo li chromium, npib tsib xee, haj yam muaj zog ntxiv, tawv tawv, lossis hnav tsis kam.
* **Stainless Steels:** Defined by a high chromium content (typically >10.5%) rau corrosion tsis kam. Lawv tau muab ua ke txuas ntxiv mus rau cov tsev neeg nyiam ustenitic (piv txwv li, 304), ferritic (piv txwv li, 430), thiab martensitic (piv txwv li, 410).
* ** Cov cuab yeej hlau: ** Chav kawm ntawm cov hlau tsim los ua cov cuab yeej. Lawv paub txog kev tawv tawv siab, hnav tsis kam, thiab muaj peev xwm los tuav txoj kev txiav. Lawv suav nrog hom D2, O1, thiab A2.
Cov pab pawg no tau muab cov kev tsim tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov koom haum cov qauv qauv zoo li AISI (tib neeg hlau thiab ob lub koom haum hlau lossis "316" rau ib qho kev siv hlau tsis huv.
### 3. Yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas hom hlau?
Txheeb xyuas cov hom hlau tsis paub feem ntau yuav tsum tau ib kauj ruam {{0} {}}} {- puas tsuaj:
* ** Nco ntsoov tshuaj xyuas thiab xim: ** Nco ntsoov nws cov xim (piv txwv li cov xim (piv txwv li cov xim rau tooj dag, liab qab rau tooj liab, greyish- dawb rau hlau). Saib rau cov cim ua cim lossis nyiaj muas.
* ** MOTERET TEST: ** Ib kauj ruam haib. Cov hlau uas nquag muaj hlau thiab ferritic stainless hlau sib nqus. Anustenitic Stainless hlau (zoo li 304), txhuas, thiab tooj tsis yog.
* ** TSHOOJ CAI: ** ZWG cov hlau thiab saib cov txim taws. Hlau tsim cov chaw ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, cov hlau nrum hlau muaj cov kab hluav taws liab luv, thiab aluminium / tooj liab tsim tsis muaj txim.
* ** Qhov hnyav / Heft: ** Muab nws qhov hnyav rau qhov zoo sib xws - qhov me me ntawm cov hlau paub. Tungsten yog hnyav heev, txhuas yog lub teeb heev, thiab cov hlau yog hnyav.
* ** DAIM NTAUB NTAWV: ** Saib yuav ua li cas yooj yim nws yog ua ntawv thov. Cov ntaub ntawv me me hlau yooj yim, thaum cov hlau tawv tawv yog cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj heev.
* ** Qhov kev ntsuas tshuaj lom neeg: ** Qhov poob ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuas tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov hlau me me los yog txhuas.
### 4. Yuav sim sim Steel hom?
Kev tshuaj ntsuam los txiav txim siab txog qhov tshwj xeeb * lossis * qib * ntawm cov hlau tsiv mus rau qhov kev paub txog qhov pib rau cov txheej txheem ntau dua:
* ** TSHWJ XEEB TSHUAJ TUAJ (Field Education Cov Ntsiab Lus Muaj Peev Xwm kwv yees cov ntsiab lus thiab cov pab pawg dav dav los ntawm tus qauv raug txawv, xim, thiab rab rawg.
* ** Kev kuaj hardness: ** Siv lub rockwell, brinell, lossis portable teser tuaj yeem nqaim cia hom, raws li cov qib sib txawv muaj cov tawv tawv sib txawv.
* ** Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg siv tshuaj: ** Cov khoom siv tshuaj me me nrog ua ntej - packaged rau cov ntsiab lus xws li kev ntsuas cov qib tsis zoo (piv txwv li, paub qhov txawv ntawm 304 los ntawm 316).
* ** X {{{0} Tshav pawv av fluorescence (XRF) Kws txhais lus Rab phom uas tsis tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev ntsuas tshuaj lom neeg tag nrho hauv vib nas this. Nov yog qhov kev lag luam niaj hnub rau cov khoom siv zoo (PMI).
* ** OPENSIC ECISSION SPECTROMETRY (OES): ** Ib qho kev tshawb xyuas theem ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm cov hlau sab thiab tshuaj xyuas lub teeb kom dim.
### 5. Plaub yam dab tsi qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau?
Thaum muaj ntau lub zog, plaub lub hauv paus tseem ceeb thiab pom tau yooj yim siv rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov pib yog:
1. ** Lus (Metallic / Tsis - nws yog xim hlau): ** Txoj kev nws sab caj dab. Feem ntau cov hlau muaj qhov txawv txav ci iab, nws yog xim hlau lus.
2. ** Xim: ** Qhov pib ua kom pom tseeb (piv txwv li, kub yog xim liab, nyiaj ntsuab}, chrome yog silvery- dawb).
3. ** Mallability thiab ductility: ** Lub peev xwm tau deformed hauv qab lub siab yam tsis muaj kev txhaum. Ib cov hlau uas tuaj yeem khoov duav, hammered, lossis dov yog malleable thiab ducept (zoo li tooj liab); Ib nkig hlau hlau yuav tawg (xws li cam khwb cia hlau).
4. ** Magnetism: ** Seb nws puas nyiam cov hlau nplaum. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb, ntsuas kev nrawm los cais cov hlau ferrous (tsis yog hlau nplaum (tsis yog hlau nplaum (feem ntau tsis yog- sib nqus).
