1. Annealing ntawm hlau
Cua sov steel rau ib qho kub, tuav nws sov rau ib lub sij hawm, thiab ces cia nws txias maj mam yog hu ua annealing. Annealing ntawm steel yog ib txoj kev kho cua sov uas cov hlau yog rhuab mus rau qhov kub thiab txias qhov twg theem hloov los yog ib nrab theem hloov, thiab ces maj mam txias tom qab tshav kub preservation. Lub hom phiaj ntawm annealing yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov txheej txheem tsis xws luag, txhim kho cov qauv, homogenize cov khoom thiab kho cov nplej, txhim kho cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau, txo cov kev ntxhov siab seem; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov hardness, txhim kho plasticity thiab toughness, thiab txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm txiav. Yog li ntawd, annealing tsis yog tsuas yog tshem tawm thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsis xws luag thiab kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tau tso tseg los ntawm cov txheej txheem dhau los, tab sis kuj npaj rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, annealing yog ib tug semi-tiav khoom thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob, kuj hu ua pre-kub kev kho mob.
2. Normalizing hlau
Normalizing yog ib txoj kev kho cua sov uas cov hlau tau rhuab saum qhov kub thiab txias los hloov tag nrho cov hlau mus rau hauv cov xim austenite, thiab tom qab ntawd txias hauv huab cua. Nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm lub network cementite ntawm hypereutecoid steel. Rau cov hlau hypoeutectoid, normalizing tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua cov siv lead ua lattice thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv txhua yam. Nws yog kev lag luam ntau dua los siv normalizing es tsis txhob annealing rau cov khoom uas tsis tshua muaj.
3. Quenching ntawm hlau
quenching yog ua kom sov cov hlau kom siab tshaj qhov kub thiab txias, ua kom sov rau ib lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv lub quenching tus neeg saib xyuas kom qhov kub thiab txias poob sai sai ntawm qhov ceev tshaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov txias txias. tau ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb los ntawm martensite. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. quenching tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog thiab hardness ntawm steel tab sis txo nws cov plasticity. Feem ntau siv quenching agents hauv quenching muaj xws li: dej, roj, dej alkaline thiab ntsev tov, thiab lwm yam.
4. Tempering ntawm cov hlau
Reheating lub quenched steel rau ib qho kub thiab txias nws siv ib txoj kev hu ua tempering. Nws lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tsim los ntawm quenching thiab txo qhov hardness thiab brittleness kom tau txais cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Tempering tau muab faib ua peb pawg: kub tempering, nruab nrab kub tempering thiab tsis kub tempering. Tempering feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog quenching thiab normalizing.
⑴Quenching thiab tempering kev kho mob: Txoj kev kho cua sov ntawm high-temperature tempering tom qab quenching yog hu ua quenching thiab tempering kev kho mob. Kub kub tempering yog hais txog tempering ntawm 500 -650 degree . Quenching thiab tempering tuaj yeem kho cov khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hlau zoo heev. Nws lub zog, plasticity thiab toughness yog txhua yam zoo dua, thiab nws muaj cov khoom zoo txhua yam.
⑵ Kev laus kev kho mob: Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov tseeb, pwm, thiab qhov chaw thaum lub sijhawm siv mus ntev, cov khoom ua haujlwm feem ntau rov ua dua rau 100-150 tom qab qhov kub thiab txias (tsawg-temperature tempering kub { {4}} degree) ua ntej ua tiav. degree, khaws cia rau 5-20 teev. Qhov kev kho no kom stabilize qhov zoo ntawm precision qhov chaw yog hu ua kev laus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb los ua kev laus laus ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias los yog lub zog thauj khoom kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab seem thiab txhim kho cov qauv hlau thiab qhov loj me.
5. Kev kho cua sov ntawm cov hlau
⑴ Nto quenching: Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov hlau yog rhuab mus rau saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis cov cua sov tau txias sai sai ua ntej nws tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov tub ntxhais. Ua li no, txheej txheej saum npoo tuaj yeem quenched hauv cov qauv martensitic, thiab cov tub ntxhais tsis tshwm sim. Theem hloov, uas ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov chaw hardening tab sis cov tub ntxhais tseem tsis hloov. Haum rau nruab nrab carbon steel.
⑵ Kev kho cua sov: hais txog kev nkag mus ntawm atoms ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm lub workpiece los ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm atomic diffusion ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv ntawm txheej txheej ntawm lub workpiece, yog li ua rau saum npoo. txheej ntawm cov hlau muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Kev kho cua sov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum muaj lub koom haum thiab cov khoom. Raws li hom infiltrated ntsiab, tshuaj kho cua sov yuav muab faib ua plaub hom: carburizing, nitriding, cyanidation thiab hlau infiltration.
Carburizing: Carburizing yog txheej txheem ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov pa roj carbon atoms rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau. Nws kuj tseem ua rau cov pa roj carbon tsawg tsawg ua haujlwm muaj txheej txheej ntawm cov pa roj carbon siab, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau quenching thiab kub kub tempering kom cov txheej txheej ntawm lub workpiece muaj siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub workpiece tseem tuav lub toughness thiab toughness ntawm tsawg carbon steel. Plasticity.
Nitriding: Kuj hu ua nitriding, nws yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nkag mus rau nitrogen atoms rau hauv txheej txheej hlau. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los txhim kho lub hardness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm txheej txheej nrog rau kev txhim kho qaug zog, corrosion kuj, thiab lwm yam. Tam sim no, roj nitriding txoj kev feem ntau yog siv rau hauv ntau lawm.
Cyanidation: Kuj hu ua carbonitriding, nws hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm ib txhij infiltrating carbon atoms thiab nitrogen atoms rau hauv hlau. Nws ua rau cov hlau nto carburized thiab nitrided.
Hlau nkag: yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nkag mus rau hlau atoms rau hauv txheej txheej hlau. Nws alloys txheej txheej ntawm cov hlau kom cov nto ntawm lub workpiece muaj tej yam ntxwv ntawm alloy steel thiab tshwj xeeb steel, xws li kub tsis kam, hnav tsis kam, oxidation kuj, corrosion kuj, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv ntau lawm xws li aluminizing, chromizing, boronizing. , siliconizing, thiab lwm yam.
