**1. Beveling thiab haum zoo-Up yog qhov tseem ceeb**
* ** Kev Paub: ** Ua ntej welding, cov yeeb nkab kawg yuav tsum tau txiav thiab beveled rau ib lub kaum ntse ntse (xws li, 37.5 degrees feem ntau). Qhov no tsim "V" lossis "U" zoo li zawj uas tso cai rau cov vuam nkag mus tob rau hauv cov yeeb nkab phab ntsa, ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke tag nrho - lub zog sib koom.
* **Piv txwv:** Kev beveling thiab nruj haum -up (qhov kev sib dhos thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub kav dej) yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab vuam. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub kaum sab xis tsis raug lossis qhov tsis zoo - tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke, kev sib txuas ntau dhau, thiab kev sib koom ua ke tsis muaj zog uas ua rau tsis ua haujlwm hauv lub siab.
**2. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Root Pass Quality **
* ** Kev Paub: ** Thawj qhov kev sib txuas, hu ua "root pass," yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws yuav tsum tau fuse tag nrho rau sab nraub qaum ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke (tsim "cov hauv paus kev txhawb nqa" lossis "kev nkag mus") yam tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li hlawv- dhau ntawm (qhov) lossis tsis muaj fusion.
* ** Piav qhia:** Lub hauv paus dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau txhua qhov txuas txuas tom ntej. Lub hauv paus tsis zoo tuaj yeem kho tsis tau los ntawm cov ntawv hla hauv qab no thiab yuav cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov vuam kev ncaj ncees, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv siab - cov kav dej siab. Welders feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv (xws li TIG vuam) rau cov hauv paus hla kom tswj tau zoo dua.
** 3. Xaiv cov txheej txheem vuam kom raug **
* ** Kev Paub: ** Cov txheej txheem rau vuam steel yeeb nkab yog Shielded Hlau Arc Vuam (SMAW lossis "Stick"), Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam (GTAW lossis "TIG"), thiab Gas Hlau Arc Vuam (GMAW lossis "MIG"). Qhov kev xaiv nyob ntawm cov khoom siv yeeb nkab, phab ntsa thickness, daim ntawv thov (xws li, siab -purity vs. structural), thiab cov cai yuav tsum tau ua.
* ** Piav qhia: ** SMAW yog ntau yam thiab ntau yam rau kev tsim kho. GTAW ua tau zoo heev - zoo, huv welds thiab yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov hauv paus hla ntawm cov kav dej tseem ceeb. GMAW yog qhov ceev thiab ua haujlwm zoo rau kev tsim vuam. Kev siv cov txheej txheem tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib kis, kev nkag mus tsis zoo, lossis kev tsim khoom tsis zoo.
** 4. Ua ntej-heat thiab Post-Weld Thaum tshav kub kub kho (PWHT)**
* ** Kev Paub:** Rau tuab - cov kav dej lossis cov hlau alloys (xws li siab - cov pa roj carbon steel), ua ntej - cua sov rau kev sib koom ua ntej vuam thiab siv cov kev tswj hwm ncej- Kev kho cua sov feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua.
* **Piv txwv:** Ua ntej- cua sov ua kom lub qhov txias txias ntawm qhov vuam, tiv thaiv kev tsim cov tawv tawv, brittle microstructures uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg. PWHT (los yog "kev ntxhov siab") txo cov kev ntxhov siab uas nyob hauv qhov vuam los ntawm cov cua sov thiab cua txias, txhim kho qhov sib koom ua ke lub zog thiab qhov ruaj khov.
**5. Tsis yog -Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Puas Tsuaj (NDT) yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau Kev Pov Hwm Zoo **
* ** Kev Paub:** Welds ntawm cov kav dej tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas siv Tsis yog -Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas. Cov tswv yim xws li Visual Testing (VT), Radiographic Testing (RT lossis "X-ray"), thiab Ultrasonic Testing (UT).
** Kev piav qhia: ** Koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub vuam qhov zoo ntawm nws qhov chaw. NDT tso cai rau cov neeg soj ntsuam "pom" hauv qhov vuam yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. RT siv hluav taws xob kom pom qhov tsis xws luag xws li qhov porosity, thaum UT siv lub suab tsis zoo los nrhiav qhov tsis xws luag xws li tawg thiab tsis muaj fusion. Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam yuav tsum tau ua kom cov weld ua tau raws li cov qauv cai (xws li, ASME B31.3 rau cov txheej txheem piping).
