ASTM A335 P91 Seamless Alloy Steel Yeeb Nkab rau Siab -Kev Pabcuam Kub
ASTM A335 P91 yog qhov siab -kev ua tau zoo rauseamless martensitic alloy- cov yeeb nkab steelsiv hauvultra- kub thiab siab pab. Nws sawv cev rau kev nce qib loj tshaj li cov tsoos Cr-Mo steels zoo li P22, muab lub zog zoo dua ntawm qhov kub siab.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb
| Feature | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Hom khoom | MartensiticAlloy Steel (Advanced 9% Chromium hlau) |
| Kev tsim khoom | Seamless (SMLS) nkaus xwb |
| Cov Npe | 9Cr-1Mo-V, Qib 91, Hloov kho 9Cr-1Mo |
| Cov khoom tseem ceeb | Exceptional creep zog thiab thermal qaug zog kujntawm qhov kub thiab txias mus txog~ 650℃(1200℃F). Tso cai rau cov phab ntsa nyias nyias ntawm tib lub siab / kub thiab P22. |
| Kev siv thawj zaug | Tseem ceeb heev- zog piping nyob rau hauv niaj hnub, siab - efficiency fais fab nroj tsuag (supercritical & ultra-supercritical), thiab kev pabcuam loj hauv cov nroj tsuag petrochemical. |
Chemical Composition (Ladle Analysis)
| Element | Kev sib xyaw (%) |
|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.08 – 0.12 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.30 – 0.60 |
| Phosphorus (P), max | 0.020 |
| Sulfur (S), max | 0.010 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.20 – 0.50 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 8.00 – 9.50 |
| Molybdenum (hli) | 0.85 – 1.05 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.18 – 0.25 |
| Niobium (Nb) | 0.06 – 0.10 |
| Nickel (Ni), max | 0.40 |
| Nitrogen (N) | 0.030 – 0.070 |
| Aluminium (Al), max | 0.04 |
Mechanical Properties
Kev mob: Normalized & Tempered
| Khoom | Kev xav tau |
|---|---|
| Tensile zog, min | 585 MPa (85,000 psi) |
| Yield zog, min | 415 MPa (60,000 psi) |
| Elongation (hauv 50mm), min | 20% |
| Hardness, max | 250 HBW / 265 HV |
Kev kho cua sov & Metallurgy
Yuav tsum tau kho cua sov: normalizingntawm 1040℃- 1080℃(1900℃F - 1975℃F) ua raws liTemperingntawm 730℃- 800℃(1350℃F - 1475℃F).
Cov qauv tsim:Tempered martensitic microstructure nrog nplua, ruaj khov carbides (V, Nb). Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws lub zog creep siab.
Critical Control:Kev tswj nruj ntawm kev kho cua sov tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb.Tshaj tawm -Kev kho cua sov (PWHT)yogyuav tsum tau(feem ntau 730℃- 800℃/ 1350℃F - 1475℃F).
Cov ntawv thov siv
Power Generation (Primary Market):
Cov kab tseem ceeb & cov kab kub reheat nyob rau hauv supercritical fais fab nroj tsuag.
Headers thiab manifolds.
Tso cai rau cov chav tsis muaj zog dua (kub & siab), txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Petrochemical:High -kub reactor effluent kab, hloov kab.
Kev sib piv nrog Cov Qib Kawm
| Qib | Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm P91 |
|---|---|
| P22 (2¼Cr-1Mo) | Lub zog qis, qis qis qis (~ 593 degree). Yuav tsum muaj cov phab ntsa tuab ntau rau tib qho kev pabcuam. |
| P9 (9Cr-1Mo) | Tsis muaj V thiab Nb ntxiv. Nws muaj zog creep ntau dua li P91. |
| P92 / P911 | Tshiab 9-10% Cr qib nrog tungsten ntxiv. Txawm tias muaj zog creep ntau dua P91. |
| A335 P5/P11 | Ib txwm qis-Cr steels rau kev pabcuam hnyav dua. |
Cov Lus Cim Tseem Ceeb rau cov neeg siv
T91 vs P91: ASTM A213 T91yog cov khoom sib npaug raucov raj(superheater / reheater tubes). Lawv yog chemically zoo tib yam.
Fabrication & Vuam:
Yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse.Preheating (~ 200℃/ 400℃F) thiab kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Siv cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke (xws li AWS ER90S-B9, E9015-B9).
PWHT tsis yog - sib tham tau kom ua tiav qhov ua tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Oxidation:Thaum lub zog nkag tau zoo heev, oxidation tsis kam saum toj no ~ 600℃yuav xav tau kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb (xws li, chav -sab oxidation).
Hauv -Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Pabcuam:Cov khoom muaj peev xwm degrade dhau ntev - raug raug. Kev soj ntsuam hardness thiab microstructure yog qee zaum pom zoo hauv kev pabcuam tseem ceeb.
Qhov zoo:Thawj qhov zoo ntawm kev lag luam yogtseem ceeb phab ntsa thickness txo(txog 50% vs. P22), ua rau cov khoom siv qis dua, vuam yooj yim dua, thiab txo cov qauv kev txhawb nqa.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, ASTM A335 P91 yog qhov siab - lub zog, siab tshaj hlau hlau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev tsim qauv ntawm siab -kub cov kav dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev - ntawm - - kos duab tsim hluav taws xob.
