ASTM A213 T12 Seamless Steel Yeeb Nkab
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Standard specification rauseamless ferritic alloy-steel boiler, superheater, thiab tshav kub-exchanger tubes. Qib T12yog achromium{0}}molybdenum alloy hlauraj, zoo ib yam li T11 tab sis nrog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb, tsim los rau kev pabcuam kub siab.
Lub npe piav qhia
| Ib feem | Lub ntsiab lus |
|---|---|
| ASTM | ASTM International |
| A213 | Txheem rau seamless alloy-steel boiler raj |
| T12 | Qib qib (1% Chromium, 0.5% Molybdenum alloy) |
| Seamless | Tsis muaj longitudinal weld seam |
| Daim ntawv khoom | Tube(rau tshav kub hloov chaw) |
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Qib T12
| Feature | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Hom khoom | Chromium-Molybdenum (Cr-Mo) alloy hlau |
| Lub Npe | 1Cr-0.5Mo hlau |
| Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm T11 | Siab carbon & Silicon, qis Chromiumntau |
| Hom Kev Pabcuam | Boilersuperheater / reheater tubes |
| Kev kho cua sov | Annealed tag nrholos yogNormalized & Tempered |
| Qhov kub thiab txias | Nruab nrab- kev pabcuam kub kub |
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (vs. T11)
| Element | T12 Cov ntsiab lus (%) | T11 Cov ntsiab lus (%) | Qhov txawv |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.80 - 1.25 | 1.00 - 1.50 | Lower max Cr |
| Molybdenum (hli) | 0.44 - 0.65 | 0.44 - 0.65 | Ib yam |
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.05 - 0.15 | 0.05 - 0.15 | Ib yam |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.30 - 0.61 | 0.30 - 0.60 | Zoo sib xws |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.25 min | 0.50 - 1.00 | Lower Si range |
Mechanical Properties
| Khoom | Kev xav tau |
|---|---|
| Tensile zog | 415 MPa (60,000 psi) min |
| Yield zog | 220 MPa (32,000 psi) min |
| Elongation | 30% min |
Kev sib piv: T12 vs T11 & T22
| Yam | A213 T12 | A213 T11 | A213 T22 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hom alloy | 1Cr-0.5Mo | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo | 2.25Cr-1Mo |
| Chromium Range | 0.8-1.25% | 1.0-1.5% | 1.9-2.6% |
| Molybdenum | ~0.5% | ~0.5% | ~1% |
| Qhov Tseem Ceeb | Keeb kwm/pre-1960s spec | Ntau tshaj tom qab xyoo 1960s | Siab zog temp |
| Kev siv tam sim no | Tsawg dua, feem ntau superseded | Feem ntau | Feem ntau |
Cov Kev Siv Ntau (Keeb Kwm & Tam sim no)
Superheater thiab reheater rajnyob rau hauv cov laus zog cog boilers
Thaum tshav kub kub exchanger tubesnyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam refinery
Boiler generating tubesrau nruab nrab -kev pabcuam kub
Hluav taws kub cua sov raj(zoo ib yam li T11)
Catalyst tubesthiab txheej txheem coils
Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb: T11/T12 Distinction
Covthawj qhov sib txawvFeem ntau ntawm T11 thiab T12keeb kwm thiab compositional:
Keeb kwm:T12 yog thawj 1Cr-0.5Mo alloy. Thaum cov chemistry tau hloov kho me ntsis (nce Cr ntau), qib tshiab tau raug xaiv T11.
Cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub:Nyob rau hauv feem ntau niaj hnub specifications thiab kev yuav khoom,T11 tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua T12. T12 tam sim no suav hais tias yog qib "tso tseg" lossis "kub qub txeeg qub teg".
Interchangeability:Rau feem ntau cov hom phiaj engineering, T11 thiab T12 raug txiav txim siabfunctionally sib npaug. Ib lub raj T11 feem ntau tuaj yeem hloov pauv rau T12 raj, tab sis tsis yog ib txwm vice-versa yam tsis tau kuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus Cr.
Specification:Tshiab tsim yuav luag ib txwm haisT11, T22, los yog siab dua alloys. T12 tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv kev kho qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom qub uas twb muaj lawm.
Fabrication & Vuam
Zoo ib yam li T11: Muab rau hauvannealedmob rau zoo ductility.
Vuam:Yuav tsum tau preheat (~ 200℃/ 400℃F) thiab yuav tsum tauTshaj tawm -Kev kho cua sov (PWHT).
Tube Expanding:Haum rau dov rau hauv cov ntawv raj.
Sib piv Specifications
Seamless yeeb nkab sib npaug: ASTM A335 P12(tseem ntau supersed los ntawm P11)
Fittings: ASTM A234 WP12
Rau European sib npaug: DIN 17175 13CrMo44zoo ib yam.
Cov ntsiab lus
ASTM A213 T12 yog keeb kwm alloy steel raj qibuas tau hloov loj los ntawmT11nyob rau hauv niaj hnub xyaum. Nws cov khoom thiab daim ntawv thov yog ze li zoo tib yam rau T11. Yog tias ntsib, nws yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tswj lossis kho cov nroj tsuag qub boiler.
Rau cov haujlwm tshiab, T11, T22, lossis T91 yog cov qauv xaiv.
