ASTM A213/A213M: Seamless Ferritic thiab Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, thiab Thaum tshav kub kub-Exchanger Tubes
1. Txheej txheem cej luam & Daim Ntawv Thov Tseem Ceeb
ASTM A 213yog specification rauseamless ferritic thiab austenitic alloy- steel hlabtsim rauboilers, superheaters, thiab tshav kub exchangers. Cov raj no yog tsim los rau kev pabcuam thaum kub siab, siab siab, thiab corrosion kuj yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:A213 cevsiab- nrujthiab tsim rauKev siv cua sov hloov musnyob rau hauv lub kaw lus kaw lus. Lawv feem ntau me me nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla tshaj cov kav dej thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv raj.
2. Txuj Qib & Kev faib tawm
A213 npog ob qho tib si ferritic (martensitic) alloy steels thiab austenitic stainless hlau, tsim los ntawm "T" (tube) thiab "TP" (tube, austenitic) designations.
Ferritic Alloy Steel Qib
| Qib | UNS No. | Kev sib xyaw ua ke | Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|---|
| T2 | K11547 | 0.5Cr-0.5Mo | Tsawg alloy, kev lag luam |
| T5 | K41545 | 5Cr-0.5Mo | Nruab nrab chromium, zoo oxidation kuj |
| T5c | K41245 | 5Cr-0.5Mo-Si | Silicon{0}} hloov kho kom zoo dua oxidation |
| T9 | S50400 | 9Cr-1Mo | Siab chromium, txhim kho lub zog |
| T11 | K11597 | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo | Standard Cr-Mo rau nruab nrab temps |
| T12 | K11562 | 1Cr-0.5Mo | Zoo ib yam li T11, me ntsis qis Cr |
| T22 | K21590 | 2.25Cr-1Mo | Qib feem ntau, cov khoom zoo heev |
| T91 | K90901 | 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb | Advanced siab -lub zog, creep resistant |
| T92 | K92460 | 9Cr-2W-0.5Mo-V-Nb | Lub peev xwm kub siab dua T91 |
Austenitic Stainless Hlau Qib
| Qib | UNS No. | Kev sib xyaw ua ke | Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|---|
| TIAB SA 304 | S30400 | 18Cr-8Ni | Basic austenitic, lub hom phiaj dav dav |
| TP 304 H | S30409 | 18Cr-8Ni (siab carbon) | Siab kub lub zog |
| TP 304 L | S30403 | 18Cr-8Ni (tsis tshua muaj carbon) | Txhim kho corrosion kuj |
| TIAB SA 316 | S31600 | 16Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo | Zoo corrosion kuj, creep |
| TP 316 L | S31603 | 16Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo (tsis tshua muaj C) | Superior corrosion kuj |
| TIAB SA 321 | S32100 | 18Cr-10Ni-Ti | Stabilized tiv thaiv rhiab heev |
| TP 321 H | S32109 | 18Cr-10Ni-Ti (siab C) | High temp stabilized qib |
| TIAB SA 347 | S34700 | 18Cr-11Ni-Nb | Stabilized, zoo siab temp zog |
| TP 347 H | S34709 | 18Cr-11Ni-Nb (siab C) | Kev siv kub kub |
3. Chemical Composition Requirements (Cov qhab nias xaiv)
| Qib | C Max (%) | Mn Max (%) | Si Max (%) | Cr (%) | Tsis muaj (%) | Mo (%) | Lwm yam |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T11 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.50-1.00 | 1.00-1.50 | - | 0.44-0.65 | - |
| T22 | 0.05-0.15 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.50 | 1.90-2.60 | - | 0.87-1.13 | - |
| T91 | 0.08-0.12 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.20-0.50 | 8.00-9.50 | 0.40 max | 0.85-1.05 | V, Nb, N |
| TP 304 H | 0.04-0.10 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0-11.0 | - | - |
| TP 316 L | 0.035 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 16.0-18.0 | 10.0-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 | - |
| TP 321 H | 0.04-0.10 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 17.0-20.0 | 9.0-12.0 | - | Ti 5 xC min |
4. Kev tsim khoom & kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau ua
| Txheej txheem | Kev xav tau | Lub hom phiaj |
|---|---|---|
| Kev tsim khoom | Seamless txheej txheem nkaus xwb | Xyuas kom tsis txhob longitudinal weld seam |
| Ferritic Qib | Tag nrho annealed, normalized & tempered, los yog normalized & tempered | Ua kom tiav microstructure xav tau |
| Austenitic Qib | Cov tshuaj annealed (yam tsawg kawg 1900℃F / 1040 degree) + ceev ceev | Dissolve carbides, tswj corrosion kuj |
| T91/T92 | Normalized (1900-2000 ° F) & Tempered (1350-1470 ° F) | Form tempered martensite qauv |
| Txias ua hauj lwm | Tso cai rau kev hloov me me, ua raws li kev kho cua sov kom raug | Ua kom tiav qhov ntev |
5. Mechanical Properties (chaw kub)
| Qib | Tensile zog Min (MPa) | Yield zog Min (MPa) | Elongation Min (%) | Hardness Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T11, T12 | 415 | 205 | 30 | 163 HB |
| T22 | 415 | 205 | 30 | 163 HB |
| T91 | 585 | 415 | 20 | 250 HB |
| T92 | 620 | 440 | 20 | 250 HB |
| TP 304/304 H | 515 | 205 | 35 | 192 HB |
| TP 316/316L | 515 | 205 | 35 | 192 HB |
| TP 321/321 H | 515 | 205 | 35 | 192 HB |
| TP 347/347 H | 515 | 205 | 35 | 192 HB |
6. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov ntev & Kev kam rau siab
A213 tubes muajnruj tolerancesdua li cov kav dej dav dav specs, haum rau cov nplooj ntawv raj thiab nthuav cov pob qij txha.
| Dimension | Cold Drawn Tubes | Kub Tiav Tubes |
|---|---|---|
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla | ± 0.10mm txog 0.40mm | ± 0.75% lossis ± 0.4mm (qhov twg ntau dua) |
| Phab ntsa Thickness | +20%/-0% (min phab ntsa tswj) | +22%/-0% (min phab ntsa tswj) |
| Ovality | nruj dua | Tsawg nruj tshaj qhov txias txias |
| Ntev | +3mm/-0 rau random; raws nraim qhov kev txiav txim | Ib yam |
| Nto tiav | du, nplai -dawb | Tej zaum yuav muaj lub teeb scale |
Standard Size Range:
OD:1.6mm (1/16 ") rau 127mm (5") feem ntau
Phab ntsa Thickness:0.8mm txog 12.7mm (Tshooj 5S txog XXS)
7. Kev Xeem & Kev Cai Zoo
| Hom kev xeem | Kev xav tau | Standard Reference | Lub hom phiaj |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrostatic Test | Txhua lub rajkuaj tshwj tsis yog hloov los ntawm NDE | A450 | Siab ncaj ncees |
| Kev kuaj tsis raug | Yuav tsum tau- Eddy Current lossis Ultrasonic | A450/E213/E309 | Tshawb nrhiav qhov tsis xws luag ntawm longitudinal |
| Tensile Test | Txhua qhov cua sov, txhua qhov kev kho cua sov ntau | A370 | Txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv tshuab |
| Hardness Test | Txhua ntau | E10/E18 | Tshawb xyuas kev kho cua sov |
| Flattening Test | Ib lub raj rau ntau | A450 | Tshawb xyuas ductility |
| Rov qab Flattening | Ib lub raj rau ib qho (rau qhov txias nthuav dav) | A450 | Kev kuaj ductility ntxiv |
| Intergranular Corrosion | Austenitic qib raws li tau teev tseg | A262 Xyaum E | Tshawb xyuas qhov rhiab heev |
8. Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb los ntawm kev lag luam
| Kev lag luam | Daim ntawv thov | Hom Qib |
|---|---|---|
| Lub zog tiam | Boiler dej phab ntsa, superheaters, reheaters, economizers | T11, T22, T91, T92, TP304H, TP347H |
| Petrochemical | Thaum tshav kub kub exchangers, transformer raj, cracker raj | T5, T9, T22, TP321, TP347 |
| Kev kho kom zoo | Thaum tshav kub kub exchangers, cua sov raj, hloov kab | T5, T9, T22, TP321 |
| Kev ua tshuaj lom neeg | Thaum tshav kub kub exchangers, condensers, reactors | TP 304/304L, TP316/316L, TP321L |
| Nuclear | Chav generators, tshav kub exchangers | TP304, TP316, alloy 800H |
9. Kev sib piv nrog cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb
| Specification | Kev siv thawj zaug | Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm A213 |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM A 213 | Boiler / Superheater Tubes | Thaum tshav kub kub hloov, siab- nruj, me me OD, yuav tsum tau NDE |
| ASTM A335 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb | Siab -TsubPiping | Loj diameters, piping systems (tsis yog raj bundles) |
| ASTM A 269 Cov khoom siv | General Service Austenitic Tubes | Tsis yog tshwj xeeb rau boilers, tej zaum yuav welded los yog seamless |
| ASTM A 312 Cov Lus Qhia | Austenitic Yeeb Nkab | Cov yeeb nkab loj, tsis zoo rau kev hloov pauv cua sov |
| ASME SA213 | Ib yamRaws li ASTM A213 | ASME Code version rau kev siv lub nkoj siab |
10. Cov khoom zoo & kev txiav txim siab
Ferritic Qib (T-series):
✅ Zoo duathermal conductivitytshaj austenitics
✅ qisthermal expansioncoefficient
✅ Cov khoom siv qis dua
❌qiscorrosion kuj
❌ Xav tautom qab-weld kub kho
Austenitic Qib (TP-series):
✅ Zoo heevcorrosion kuj
✅ Zoosiab -kub muaj zog
✅ Feem ntautsis yog-magnetic
❌ Siab duathermal expansion(tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab)
❌qisthermal conductivity
❌ Kev xavkev pheej hmoo hauv cov cheeb tsam weld (L pab qib)
11. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav khoom & xaj
Qhov tseem ceeb Specification Elements:
Specification:ASTM A213 / A213M / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / A213M / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / A213M / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213 / ASTM A213) thiab ASTM A213
Qib:T11, T22, TP304H, thiab lwm yam.
Loj:OD x Yam tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa Thickness (los yog teem caij)
Ntev:Random (feem ntau 6-7m) lossis Txiav rau Ntev
Qhov xwm txheej:
A(Annealed) - rau ferritics
SA(Kev daws teeb meem) - rau austenitics
N&T(Normalized & Tempered) - rau T91/T92
Xaus Xaus:Plain, beveled, tshwj xeeb
Kev kuaj:Hydrostatic siab, NDE hom
Ntawv pov thawj:Yuav tsum tau (CMTR - Certified Mill Test Report)
Piv txwv Order Designation:
ASTM A213 T22, 2.0" OD x 0.200" Min Phab ntsa, Random Lengths, Annealed, Hydrotested 3000 psi, Eddy Current Tested, ASME S-Number
12. Kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau ua (kom ntxaws)
| Qib qeb | Yuav tsum tau kho cua sov | Qhov kub thiab txias | Txoj kev txias |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ferritic (T11, T22) | Tag Nrho Anneal lossis Normalize & Temper | 1600-1700 ° F (870-925 ° C) | Lub qhov cub txias lossis cua txias + npau taws |
| T91/T92 | Normalize & Temper | 1900-2000℃FN, 1350-1470℃FT | Cua txias + temper |
| Austenitic (TP 304/316) | Kev daws Anneal | 1900℃F min (1040 degree) | Dej quench los yog cua txias sai |
| Stabilized (TP321/347) | Kev daws Anneal | 1950℃F min (1065 degree) | Dej quench los yog cua txias sai |
13. Ntiaj teb no sib npaug & Standards
| ASTM A213 Qib | EN / DIN sib npaug | ISO sib npaug | JIS sib npaug |
|---|---|---|---|
| T22 | 10CrMo9-10 | 12CrMo9-10 | SIB 24 |
| T91 | X10CrMoVNb9-1 | - | SIB 28 |
| TP 304 H | X6CrNi18-10 | 06Cr19Ni10 | SUS 304 H |
| TP 316 L | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 | SUS 316L |
| TP 321 H | X6CrNiTi18-10 | 06Cr18Ni11 Ti | SUS 321 H |
14. Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Tsim & Fabrication
Tube-rau-Tubesheet Joints:Feem ntau nthuav, welded, los yog ob qho tib si
Khoov:Txias bending tso cai nrog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog
Vuam:Yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem tsim nyog; ferritics xav tau PWHT
Kev tshuaj xyuas:Dye penetrant (PT) feem ntau siv rau kev kuaj vuam
Ntxuav:Internal cleanliness tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv boiler
Marking:Txhua lub raj cim nrog spec, qib, cua sov tooj, chaw tsim tshuaj paus
15. Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv
S1:Ultrasonic kuaj nyob rau hauv hloov ntawm hydrostatic
S2:Kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom (cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntxiv)
S3:Intergranular corrosion test rau austenitics
S5:Hydrostatic kuaj ntawm qhov siab dua
S6:Hydrostatic kuaj nrog lub sijhawm tuav
S8:Electropolishing (rau ultra- daim ntawv thov huv)
ASTM A213 raj yog covqaum ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xobhauv high -kub industries. Lawv cov kev tsim khoom nruj, kev sim, thiab cov kev xav tau zoo kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua tau zoo hauv cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb uas tsis ua haujlwm tsis yog qhov kev xaiv. Thaum tau teev tseg rau ASME Code kev tsim kho, lawv dhau losSIB 213thiab nqa lub Code stamp uas tsim nyog.
