API 5L X90 Longitudinal Submerged Arc Vuam (LSAW) Pipe
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Standard specification raulongitudinally submerged -arc welded steel kab yeeb nkabhauv qabAPI 5Lspecification.Qib X 90sawv cev asiab heev -lub zog pipeline steeluas zaum ntawm X80 thiab X100, muab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yield zog ntawm90,000 psi (620 MPa). Nws sawv cev rau cov hlau metallurgy siab heev thiab yog siv rau hauv kev xav tau ntev - kis tau tus mob nyob deb thiab siab - kev siv cov raj xa dej siab uas yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab tshaj plaws - rau - qhov hnyav piv yog xav tau .
Lub npe piav qhia
| Ib feem | Lub ntsiab lus |
|---|---|
| API | Lub koom haum American Petroleum |
| 5L | Specification rau kab yeeb nkab rau kev thauj mus los hauv cov kav dej |
| X90 | Qib npe –X= qib pipeline,90= yam tsawg kawg nkaus yield zog hauv ksi (90,000 psi / 620 MPa) |
| Longitudinal Submerged Arc Vuam (LSAW) | Kev tsim cov txheej txheem - steel daim hlau yog tsim thiab welded raws ib tug ncaj longitudinal seam siv submerged arc vuam nrog muab tub lim hlau ntxiv. Kuj tseem hu ua SAWL (Submerged Arc Welded Longitudinal) |
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm API 5L X90 LSAW Pipe
| Feature | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Hom khoom | Advanced high -lub zog qis- alloy (HSLA) steel- micro-alloyed nrog niobium, vanadium, titanium, thiab tej zaum molybdenum; Feem ntau ua los ntawm TMCP (Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Processing) rau ultra-cov qauv zoo lis |
| Kev tsim khoom | LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Vuam)- daim hlau tsim los ntawm UOE, JCOE, lossis RBE txheej txheem, ces welded nrog submerged arc rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud |
| Khoom Spec Levels | PSL2 yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoorau X90 hauv txhua daim ntawv thov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov cuam tshuam Charpy, nruj dua chemistry tswj, thiab tau teev cov kev txwv siab tshaj plaws |
| Yield zog | 620 MPa (90,000 psi) yam tsawg kawg nkaus(PSL2 ntau: feem ntau 620-760 MPa) |
| Tensile zog | 690 MPa (100,000 psi) yam tsawg kawg nkaus(kwv yees; qhov muaj nuj nqis nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb chemistry thiab kev ua tiav) |
| Elongation | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus18-21%nyob ntawm phab ntsa thickness |
| Qhov tseem ceeb Advantage | Ultra-siab zog-rau- hnyav piv- Ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa thickness, txo cov nqi khoom, kev thauj mus los hnyav, thiab lub sijhawm vuam |
| Hom kab | 508mm txog 1626mm(20 "mus rau 64") - txheej txheem LSAW enables loj diameters; JCOE txheej txheem tuaj yeem tsim txog 1626mm |
| Hom Phab Ntsa Thickness | 6.0mm txog 30mm(txog 40-50 hli muaj rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb) |
| Ntev | 6m mus 12.5mtxheem; kev cai ntev muaj |
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (API 5L X90 PSL2)
X90 yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg kom ua tiav nws lub zog thaum tuav cov weldability thiab toughness. Thaum tshwj xeeb API 5L txwv rau X90 ua raws li cov kev cai PSL2 dav dav, cov khoom muaj xws li:
| Element | Feem ntau % | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.22 max | Ultra{0}}tsawg carbon rau weldability; cov nqi tiag tiag yuav qis dua |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.4-1.9 | Ntau dua manganese rau lub zog; ua ke nrog micro- alloys |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.025 max | Tight tswj kom toughness |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.015 max | Kev tswj nruj heev rau HIC kuj thiab toughness |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.45 max | Deoxidizer |
| Niobium (Nb) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.06 ua ke | Micro-Alloying rau grain refinement |
| Vanadium (V) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.06 ua ke | Micro{0}}alloying rau nag lossis daus |
| Titanium (Ti) | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.15 ua ke | Daim ntawv TiN rau kev ua kom zoo nplej thaum TMCP |
| Molybdenum (hli) | 0.15 max | Ntxiv dag zog |
| Carbon sib npaug (CE) | Feem ntau 0.22-0.26 | Muab xam thiab tswj rau thaj chaw weldability |
Nco tseg:Nb + V Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.06%, thiab Nb + V + Ti Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.15% raws li API 5L PSL2 cov cai.
Mechanical Properties (PSL2)
| Khoom | Tus nqi ntau | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Yield zog (min) | 620 MPa (90 ksi) | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum muaj rau API 5L |
| Yield zog (max) | 760-820 MPa (110-119 ksi) | Qhov siab tshaj plaws txwv tsis pub dhau - lub zog |
| Tensile zog (min) | 690 MPa (100 ksi) | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
| Tensile zog (max) | 900-950 MPa (130-138 ksi) | Qhov siab tshaj plaws |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio (max) | 0.93-0.95 | Xyuas kom ductility |
| Elongation | 18-21% tsawg kawg nkaus | Nyob ntawm phab ntsa thickness |
| Charpy V-ntsis cuam tshuam | 40-100 J yam tsawg kawg nkaus nruab nrab | Kub ntsuas los ntawm qhov project (feem ntau -20℃rau -45℃rau arctic / offshore) |
Corrosion Cwj Pwm Tshawb Fawb:Kev tshawb fawb ntawm X90 linepipe steel hauv simulated av ib puag ncig (NS4 tov) qhia tias cov khoom siv hauv paus nthuav tawm anodic dissolution yam tsis muaj passivation. Cov khoom siv hauv paus yog thermodynamically ruaj khov dua li cov khoom siv weld seam, thiab corrosion kuj ntawm lub hauv paus hlau yog zoo dua li ntawm weld seam.
PSL1 vs PSL2 rau X90 LSAW Pipe
| Yam | PSL1 | PSL2 |
|---|---|---|
| Hom siv rau X90 | Tsis tshua muaj - tej zaum yuav raug teev rau tsis yog - kev pabcuam tseem ceeb | Txuj rau X90 - yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua daim ntawv thov kev sib kis |
| Chemistry | Txheem txwv | Tighter tswj(qis C, S, P) |
| Lub zog | Min tsuas qhia | Min thiab Maxtau teev tseg (tiv thaiv tshaj -lub zog) |
| Kev ntsuam xyuas cuam tshuam | Tsis xav tau | Yuav tsum tauntawm qhov ntsuas kub |
| Carbon sib npaug | Tsis xav tau | Muab xam thiab tswj |
| NDT Requirements | Txuj | Kev nruj dua - yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio | Tsis tau teev tseg | 0.93-0.95 max |
| Traceability | Txwv tsis pub | Tag nrho traceabilitytom qab ua tiav cov kev xeem |
Nco tseg:Rau X90, PSL2 ua tau zooQhov yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua daim ntawv thov kev xa cov kav dej .
LSAW Manufacturing Methods for X90
Txoj kev tsim
| Txoj kev | Kev piav qhia | Haum rau X90 | Muaj Qib |
|---|---|---|---|
| UAE | Phaj nias rau hauv U-puab, ces O-puab, mechanically expanded tom qab vuam | Haum rau X90 ntau lawm | API 5L A -X90, GB/T9711 L190-L625 |
| JCOE | Progressive J-C-O ua cov kauj ruam, nthuav dav tom qab vuam | Txaus siab rau qib siab - zog- sib npaug sib npaug tsim kev ntxhov siab, siab uniformity | API 5L A -X100, GB/T9711 L190-L690 |
| JCOE (Yob Bending) | Nruam axis contorting J-C-O forming | Haum rau X80 (qib qis) | API 5L A -X80, GB/T9711 L190-L555 |
Txheej txheem txheej txheem
Phaj xaiv:High- zoo steel daim hlau uas ua los ntawm TMCP (Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Processing) nrog ultra-cov qauv zoo thiab meej micro-alloying
Kev npaj phaj:Ntug milling rau cov bevels meej, kuaj ultrasonic rau laminations
Kev tsim:Progressive hydraulic nias (JCOE los yog UOE) tsim ib puag ncig puag ncig; rau JCOE, phaj npoo yog crimped ua ntej, ces tsim nyob rau hauv incremental kauj ruam
Tack Welding:Kev ruaj ntseg seam ib ntus
Submerged Arc Vuam:Multi-wire SAW (txog 5 xov hlau) siv cov vuam sab hauv, tom qab ntawd sab nraud weld rau kev nkag mus rau hauv flux. Cov txheej txheem vuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm corrosion thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab
Mechanical Expanding:Cov yeeb nkab tau nthuav dav kom meej qhov ntev kom ua tiav qhov kev ua siab ntev nruj thiab txo qis kev ntxhov siab
NDT & Test:100% ultrasonic kuaj, kuaj radiographic, kuaj hydrostatic
Ua tiav:Xaus beveling (ib ANSI B16.25), daim ntawv thov txheej raws li tau teev tseg
Qhov Loj Muaj
| Parameter | Txheej txheem UOE | JCOE Txheej Txheem (Nias Khoov) | JCOE Txheej Txheem (Roll dabtsi yog khoov) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla | 508-1118 hli (20"-44") | 406-1626 hli (16"-64") | 406-1829 hli (16"-72") |
| Phab ntsa Thickness | 6.0-25.4 hli | 6.0-75 hli | 6.0-30 hli |
| Ntev | 9-12.3 m | 3-12.5 m | 3-12.2 m |
| Qib Muaj | API 5L A -X90, GB/T9711 L190-L625 | API 5L A -X100, GB/T9711 L190-L690 | API 5L A -X80, GB/T9711 L190-L555 |
Nco tseg:Rau X90 ntau lawm, UOE thiab JCOE (xovxwm dabtsi yog khoov) yog cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam. Phab ntsa tuab rau X90 feem ntau yuav yog nyob rau hauv qis kawg ntawm cov khoom siv vim muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj cov khoom siv siab - lub zog.
Hom Phab Ntsa Thickness Range los ntawm Diameter (Extrapolated los ntawm X80 Cov Ntaub Ntawv)
Raws li muaj cov ntaub ntawv X80, X90 yuav zoo li muaj peev xwm zoo sib xws los yog txo qis siab tshaj plaws thickness:
| OD (inch) | OD (mm) | X80 Phab Ntsa Thickness Range (mm) | X90 kwv yees ntau yam (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20" | 508 | 6.0-11.0 | 6.0-10.5 |
| 24" | 610 | 6.0-13.0 | 6.0-12.5 |
| 30" | 762 | 7.0-16.0 | 7.0-15.0 |
| 36" | 914 | 8.0-19.0 | 8.0-18.0 |
| 40" | 1016 | 8.0-21.0 | 8.0-20.0 |
| 48" | 1219 | 9.0-22.0 | 9.0-21.0 |
| 56" | 1422 | 10.0-22.0 | 10.0-21.0 |
| 60" | 1524 | 10.0-22.0 | 10.0-21.0 |
| 64" | 1626 | 10.0-22.0 | 10.0-21.0 |
Nco tseg:Thickness ranges txo qis thaum lub zog nce ntxiv - rau X90, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov ua tau zoo yog qis dua rau X80 vim yog kev tsim cov kev txwv nrog ntau dua - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog .
Corrosion Cwj pwm yam ntxwv
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm X90 linepipe steel tau txheeb xyuas cov kev coj cwj pwm tshwj xeeb:
| Yam | Nrhiav |
|---|---|
| Anodic Dissolution | X90 nthuav tawm anodic dissolution nyob ze ntawm - nruab nrab simulated av tov (NS4) |
| Passivation | Tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim passivation pom thaum X90 muab tso rau hauv NS4 daws |
| Thermodynamic stability | Cov khoom siv hauv paus yog thermodynamically ruaj khov dua li cov khoom siv weld seam |
| Cov teebmeem Polarization | Nyob rau hauv -850 mV polarization muaj peev xwm, polarization kuj thiab corrosion kuj nce nrog polarization ntev; corrosion tam sim no ceev txo |
| Kev sib piv Corrosion Resistance | Cov khoom siv hauv paus pom zoo corrosion kuj zoo dua li cov khoom siv weld seam |
Kev Ntsuas & Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Cai rau X90 PSL2
| Hom kev xeem | Lub hom phiaj | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas | Txheeb xyuas qhov sib xyaw ua tau raws li API 5L txwv | Ultra{0}}tsawg C, nruj S thiab P tswj |
| Tensile Test | Paub meej tias yield thiab tensile zog (lub hauv paus hlau thiab weld) | Ob leeg min thiab max txwv txwv |
| Flattening Test | Tshawb xyuas ductility | Yuav tsum tau |
| Khoov Test | Tshawb xyuas qhov kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov vuam | Yuav tsum tau |
| Impact Test (Charpy V-notch) | Yuav tsum tauntawm qhov ntsuas kub | Feem ntau -20℃rau -45℃rau kev pabcuam tseem ceeb |
| Hydrostatic Test | Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm leak-tightness | Txhua cov yeeb nkab ib leeg raug kuaj |
| Kev kuaj ultrasonic | 100%ntawm weld seam rau internal defects | Tag nrho ntev, ob sab |
| Radiographic Examination (X{0}}ray) | Thaum teev los ntawm cov kev xav tau ntxiv | Muaj |
| Dimensional soj ntsuam | Txheeb xyuas OD, phab ntsa thickness, ncaj | Raws li API 5L tolerances |
| Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag | Deg mob, weld tsos | 100% |
Mill Test Certificate:EN 10204 / 3.1 tus qauv; 3.2 rau cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Txheej & Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Xaiv
| Txheej hom | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|
| Dub( liab qab) | Standard zeb tiav, siv sab hauv tsev |
| Varnish / Anti- xeb roj | Kev tiv thaiv ib ntus thaum caij tsheb npav |
| Dub painting | Basic kev tiv thaiv corrosion |
| 3LPE (3-txheej polyethylene) | Feem ntaurau faus pipelines, hnyav ib puag ncig |
| FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy) | Kev tiv thaiv corrosion |
| Coal Tar Epoxy | Heavy-lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv |
| Galvanized | Thaum tau teev tseg |
| Pob zeb hnyav txheej (CWC) | Offshore pipelines (tsis zoo buoyancy) |
Cov lus sib piv: X90 vs. Cov Qib uas nyob ib sab
| Qib | Yield zog (MPa) min | Tensile zog (MPa) min | Kwv tij muaj zog |
|---|---|---|---|
| X70 | 483 | 565 | Lub hauv paus |
| X80 | 552 | 621 | +14% dhau X70 |
| X90 | 620 | ~690 | +12% dhau X80, +28% dhau X70 |
| X100 | 690 | 760 | +11% dhau X90 |
Nco tseg:X90 zaum ntawm X80 thiab X100 hauv API 5L qib ntaiv, sawv cev rausiab heev - zog xaivrau kev thov cov ntawv thov uas X80 tsis txaus tab sis X100 dhau lawm - tau qhia lossis tseem tsis tau txais yuav dav dav.
Qhov twg X90 haum ntawm API 5L Qib
| Qib | Tawm tswv yim (min, MPa) | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|
| X52 | 359 | Nruab nrab -siab kis |
| X60 | 414 | High -siab kis |
| X65 | 448 | High -siab kis tau tus mob, offshore |
| X70 | 483 | Ntev -qhov deb siab -siab |
| X80 | 552 | Loj hla - lub teb chaws cov kav dej |
| X90 | 620 | Ultra-siab- cov kab hauv siab, tom ntej- cov kav dej |
| X100 | 690 | Kev sim, txwv tej yaam num |
X90 sawv cev rau cov thawj coj ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj siab - cov khoom siv kav dej muaj zogthiab yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua rau kev coj tus cwj pwm corrosion thiab kev ua haujlwm vuam.
Cov ntawv thov siv
| Kev lag luam | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|
| Ntev -Ntaus Roj Kis | Tom ntej no - tiam ultra- siab - cov kav xa hluav taws xob siab xav tau lub zog siab tshaj plaws - rau - qhov hnyav piv |
| Offshore | Deepwater subsea pipelines uas txo qhov hnyav yog qhov tseem ceeb |
| Siab -Npaum Gas | Cov kav dej ua haujlwm ntawm15+ MPa (2, 175+ psi)tsim siab |
| Kev Pabcuam Arctic | Tsawg- cov kav dej kub uas yuav tsum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb toughness ntawm lub zog siab |
| CCUS Projects | CO₂ thauj cov kav dej yuav tsum muaj zog |
| Hloov / Hloov kho | Pipeline muaj peev xwm nthuav dav cov haujlwm uas xav tau siab dua |
Availability & Commercial Status
Thaum X90 suav nrog API 5L qib cov npe thiab muab los ntawm qee lub tuam txhab, nws yogtsawg tshaj li X80rau ntau qhov laj thawj:
| Qhov xwm txheej | Kev txiav txim siab |
|---|---|
| Kev Lag Luam Muaj | X90 yog muab los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj (piv txwv li, teev hauv API 5L A-X90 hauv UOE thiab JCOE specifications) |
| Kev paub txog qhov project | Tsawg dua thaj chaw keeb kwm piv rau X70/X80; ntau dua hauv cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb |
| Vuam Complexity | Yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas cov cua sov kom zoo thiab cov txheej txheem tsim nyog; weld cheeb tsam cov khoom yuav tsum tau ceev faj |
| Kev txiav txim siab toughness | HAZ toughness yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj; kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias weld seam yuav muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv corrosion dua li lub hauv paus hlau |
| Economic Justification | Tsuas yog tus nqi -zoo rau cov haujlwm uas X80 lub zog tsis txaus kom ua tiav cov phab ntsa thickness txo |
Cov npe ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom:X90 suav nrog hauv qib muab rau:
UOE LSAW kav (508-1118mm, 6.0-25.4mm)
JCOE LSAW kav (406-1626mm, 6.0-75mm)
Ntau tus neeg muag khoom suav nrog PCK, Octal, Lefin, Ruixing, Kelly, thiab United Steel
Cov Lus Cim Xaiv Tseem Ceeb
1. X90 vs. Qib qis
X90yog teev rauultra-siab- cov kab hauv siab thiab tom ntej - cov phiaj xwm kav dejqhov twg lub zog siab tshaj plaws - rau - qhov hnyav piv yuav tsum tau
Rau feem ntau cov haujlwm,X70 los yog X80nyob twj ywm tus qauv kev xaiv nrog thaj chaw dav keeb kwm
X90 muab~ 12% siab zog dua X80, ua kom cov phab ntsa nyias nyias lossis ua haujlwm siab dua
2. PSL2 yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau X90
PSL2 yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig zoorau txhua daim ntawv thov X90 pipeline
Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj muaj xws li:
Charpy V- ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ntsuas kub
Maximum tawm los thiab lub zog tensile txwv
Carbon sib npaug tswj
Tag nrho traceability
3. Kev txiav txim siab Corrosion
Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias X90 puag hlau muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua li vuam seam
Tsis muaj passivation nyob ze - ib puag ncig nruab nrab; anodic dissolution yog thawj corrosion mechanism
Kev tiv thaiv Cathodic tau kawm; polarization ntawm -850 mV txhim kho corrosion kuj nyob rau lub sijhawm
4. Kev txiav txim siab vuam
Weld seam zog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tsim nyog; kev tshawb fawb paub meej tias weld cheeb tsam yuav muaj kev sib txawv corrosion
Thaum tshav kub kub input yuav tsum raug tswj kom tswj tau HAZ toughness
Ua ntej- cov txheej txheem vuam tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb
5. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem xaiv
UOE:Haum rau X90 hauv txoj kab uas hla 20-44 "
JCOE (Xovxwm Bending):Txaus siab rau qhov dav dav dav thiab siab - qib siab txog X100
Phab ntsa thickness:Yuav nyob rau hauv qis kawg ntawm muaj ntau yam vim muaj kev txwv kev tsim khoom
6. Kev xeem & ntawv pov thawj
Standard ntawv pov thawj:EN 10204 3.1(tus neeg tsim khoom qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ywj pheej)
Rau qhov project tseem ceeb:EN 10204 3.2(thov thib peb- tog neeg pov thawj)
Xyuas kom Mill Test Certificate muaj xws li: tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, mechanical zog, NDT cov qhabnias, hydrostatic test results,cuam tshuam qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov ntsuas kub
Thib peb-kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawmSGS, BV, Lloydsfeem ntau txais
7. Daim ntawv thov haum
Tom ntej no -generation gas kis:X90 PSL2 nrog rau kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Offshore pipelines:Ntsuam xyuas yog tias X90 tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua li keeb kwm kev txwv tsis pub dhau los ntawm X80
Kev pabcuam Arctic:Txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm -45℃lossis qis dua; kev tshawb fawb paub meej tias cov khoom siv hlau / lub hauv paus hlau tau raug kawm rau cov ntawv thov no
Kev pabcuam qaub:Tham nrog cov engineers cov ntaub ntawv; siab - steels muaj zog yuav muaj kev txwv hauv H₂S ib puag ncig
Thaum kawg Takeaway: API 5L X90 LSAW Pipesawv cev asiab heev -lub zog pipeline steelnrog yam tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm90,000 psi (620 MPa) – 12% siab dua X80thiab28% siab dua X70. Nws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm X80 thiab X100 hauv API 5L qib ntaiv thiab muaj los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj ntawm UOE thiab JCOE cov txheej txheem hauv txoj kab uas hla ntawm20 "mus rau 64". X90 yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua rau tus cwj pwm corrosion, nrog cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov hlau hauv paus muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua li vuam seam thiab cathodic tiv thaiv ntawm -850 mV txhim kho corrosion mus sij hawm ntev. Thaum muaj kev lag luam, X90 muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los tsawg dua X70 lossis X80 thiab feem ntau tau teev tseg rauultra-siab- cov kab hauv siab, tom ntej- cov phiaj xwm roj xa mus, thiab cov ntawv thov uas X80 lub zog tsis txaus. Rau txhua daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb,PSL2nrog Charpy kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov kev pab cuam qhov kub thiab txias yogyuav tsum tau. Cov txheej txheem vuam thiab cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej cov khoom siv vuam zoo sib xws hauv cov hlau ua haujlwm.
