Executive Summary
API 5L X70 PSL1 yog lub siab -lub zog, carbon-manganese steel yeeb nkab tshwj xeeb tsim los thauj roj, roj, thiab lwm yam hydrocarbons hauv cov kav dej. Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog kev kub siab tsis kam thiab zoo toughness, ua rau nws yog ib qho kev xaiv rau cov kab loj loj.
1. Kev txiav txim lub npe: "API 5L X70 PSL1"
API 5L:Qhov no yog tus qauv specification teem los ntawm lubLub koom haum American Petroleum (API). Nws txhais tau hais tias yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ob theem kev qhia tshwj xeeb (PSL1 thiab PSL2) ntawm seamless thiab welded steel yeeb nkab siv rau hauv cov kav dej thauj mus los hauv kev lag luam roj av thiab roj av.
X70:Tus "X" sawv cev rau "Line Pipe Steel" thiab tus lej "70" qhia txog qhovYam tsawg kawg nkaus yield zog (SMYS). Hauv qhov no, nws yog 70,000 Pounds ib Square Inch (psi). Hauv metric units, qhov no yog kwv yees li 483 Megapascals (MPa).
Yield Strength yog qhov kev ntxhov siab uas cov khoom pib deform plastically. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub deformation yuav ua tau mus tas li.
PSL1: Khoom Specification Qib 1. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xav tau. PSL2 muaj cov kev cai nruj dua rau cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, toughness, mechanical zog, thiab kuaj.
2. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm API 5L X70 PSL1
Chemical Composition (Tswj)
PSL1 muaj ibMaximum carbon sib npaug (CE)los xyuas kom meej weldability, tab sis cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (feem pua ntawm Carbon, Manganese, thiab lwm yam) tsis yog tswj nruj raws li hauv PSL2. Cov chaw tsim khoom muaj ntau qhov yooj yim kom ua tiav cov khoom siv kho tshuab xav tau.
Hom Elements:Carbon (C), Manganese (Mn), Silicon (Si), Sulfur (S), Phosphorus (P).
Carbon sib npaug (CE):Feem ntau, qhov siab tshaj plaws CE tau teev tseg (piv txwv li, siv cov qauv IIW) kom ntseeg tau tias cov hlau tuaj yeem raug welded hauv daim teb yam tsis muaj nkig.
Mechanical Properties (yuav tsum tau)
Cov hauv qab no yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li API 5L tus qauv:
| Khoom | Imperial Unit | Chav ntsuas ntsuas | Nco tseg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield zog (min.) | 70,000 psi | 483 MPa ua | Qhov no yog tus cim tseem ceeb. |
| Tensile zog (min.) | 82,000 psi | 565 MPa ua | Cov yeeb nkab kuj yuav tsum ua raws li qhov no. |
| Elongation (min.) | Nws txawv nrog cov yeeb nkab loj | Nws txawv nrog cov yeeb nkab loj | Ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm ductility. |
Toughness
Rau cov kav dej PSL1,Charpy V-Kev ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam (CVN) feem ntau TSIS TAUlos ntawm API 5L tus qauv. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv loj ntawm PSL2. Txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem hais qhia qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom nruj raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntxiv (SRL) hauv kev yuav khoom yog tias lub raj xa dej yog npaj rau qhov xav tau ib puag ncig (xws li, qis- kev pabcuam kub).
3. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom
API 5L X70 PSL1 yeeb nkab tuaj yeem tsim los ua ib qhoSeamless (SMLS)los yogWelded.
Seamless (SMLS):Ua los ntawm piercing ib tug khoom billet ntawm steel. Tsis muaj weld seam. Feem ntau siv rau cov kab me me thiab kev siv siab dua.
Welded (ERW, SAW):
ERW (Electric Resistance Welded):Tsim los ntawm steel phaj los yog coil thiab seam yog welded siv hluav taws xob tsis kam. Feem ntau rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
SAW (Submerged Arc Welded):Tsim los ntawm steel phaj (skelp) thiab seam yog welded sab hauv thiab sab nraud nyob rau hauv ib daim pam ntawm flux. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ntau tshaj plaws rau qhov loj - txoj kab uas hla, siab - cov kav xa hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, 24" thiab siab dua).
4. Qhov zoo thiab daim ntawv thov
Qhov zoo:
Siab zog - rau - Qhov hnyav piv:Tso cai rau kev thauj mus los ntawm kev kub siab dua nrog cov phab ntsa thickness tsawg, txo cov khoom siv thiab cov nqi installation.
Zoo Weldability:Kev tswj cov chemistry (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog CE) ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev vuam siv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem.
Tus nqi -zoo:PSL1 feem ntau tsis tshua muaj nqi los tsim dua PSL2 vim tsawg dua qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj thiab hloov tau yooj yim tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Pov thawj Reliability:Cov khoom siv dav siv thiab ntseeg siab hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov ntawv thov raug:
Onshore thiab Offshore Roj & Gas Transmission Pipelines
Siab -Natural Gas Pipelines
Petroleum Product Pipelines
Dej Txhaj Kabnyob rau hauv cov roj teb
Slurry Pipelines(Nyob ntawm kev puas tsuaj / corrosion yuav tsum)
5. PSL1 vs. PSL2: Kev sib piv tseem ceeb
Kev nkag siab qhov sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv.
| Feature | PSL1 | PSL2 |
|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj Tswj | Yooj yim dua; aims rau mechanical zog. | Kev tswj nruj dua ntawm cov khoom xws li C, Mn, P, S. |
| Toughness (CVN Test) | Tsis yuam(tshwj tsis yog hais los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom). | Yuav tsum taurau tag nrho cov kav dej. |
| Tensile Test | Ib qho kev xeem rau ib lub tshav kub (batch of steel). | Kev sim ntau zaus (piv txwv li, ib qho rau ib lub yeeb nkab rau qhov loj diameter). |
| Lub zog Variation | Tso cai rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua - rau - tensile (Y / T) piv. | Kev txwv nruj ntawm Y / T piv rau qhov muaj peev xwm zoo dua. |
| Hydrostatic Test | Yuav tsum tau. | Yuav tsum tau, feem ntau nyob rau hauv siab dua. |
| Tsis yog -Kev Ntsuas Kev Puas Tsuaj (NDT) | Yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv weld seam rau welded yeeb nkab. | NDT nruj dua ntawm cov vuam thiab cov yeeb nkab lub cev. |
| Nqi | qis | Siab dua |
Txoj Cai Xaiv:
SivPSL1rau tus qauv, tsis yog - daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb uas qis - qhov kub thiab txias tsis yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb thiab tus nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb.
SivPSL2rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb, xws li cov kav dej hauv cov huab cua txias (arctic), thaj chaw sab nraud, thaj chaw seismic, lossis thaj chaw muaj neeg coob heev, qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom pov thawj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ncaj ncees.
Xaus
API 5L X70 PSL1yog ib qib workhorse ntawm kab yeeb nkab, muab qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm lub zog siab, kev tsim khoom, thiab tus nqi- ua tau zoo rau ntau yam ntawm cov kav dej. Nws qhov tsim nyog rau ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb yuav tsum raug soj ntsuam raws li qhov chaw ua haujlwm, kev tsim siab, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov raj xa dej, nrog rau qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb feem ntau yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog ntawm PSL2.
