API 5L X60 ERW Tube
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
API 5L X60 ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) yeeb nkabyog ib lub siab -lub zog carbon steel kab yeeb nkab dav siv hauv cov roj thiab cov roj xa hluav taws xob. Qhov kev xaiv "X60" qhia txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm60,000 psi (414 MPa), ua rau nws tsim nyog rau siab - cov kav xa hluav taws xob uas cov qib qis dua li X52 yuav xav tau cov phab ntsa tuab heev.
Lub npe piav qhia
| Ib feem | Lub ntsiab lus |
|---|---|
| API | Lub koom haum American Petroleum |
| 5L | Specification rau kab yeeb nkab siv nyob rau hauv pipeline tsheb thauj mus los systems |
| X60 | Qib kev xaiv - "X" qhia qib pipeline, "60" sawv cev rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yield zog hauv ksi (60,000 psi / 414 MPa) |
| ERW | Electric Resistance Welded - yeeb nkab tsim los ntawm steel kauj thiab welded longitudinally yam tsis muaj muab tub lim hlau |
Ntsiab nta
| Feature | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Yield zog (min) | 414-415 MPa (60,000-60,200 psi)[siv: 3, citation: 5, citation: 8] |
| Tensile zog (min) | 517-520 MPa (75,000-75,400 psi)[siv: 3, citation: 5, citation: 8] |
| Kev tsim khoom | Hluav taws xob Resistance Welded (ERW) / High-Vuam zaus (HFW) - txheej txheem txuas ntxiv los ntawm steel kauj |
| Qhov Loj Loj (ERW) | 21.3 hli mus rau 660 hli (1/2 "mus rau 26") OD; ERW feem ntau txog 610 hli (24 ") [citation: 1, citation: 2, citation: 10] |
| Phab ntsa Thickness | 1.8mm txog 19.1mm (max 18-19mm rau X60) [citation:1, citation:2] |
| Ntev | 3 m txog 18 m (customizable) [citation: 2, citation: 9] |
| Product Specification Levels | PSL1(standard) thiabPSL2(hloov kho) [citation: 1, citation: 5] |
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
PSL1 (max %) [citation:3, citation:6, citation:8]
| Element | Specification | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.26% max | qis dua qib seamless (0.28%) rau weldability zoo dua |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.40-1.60% max | Muab lub zog [citation:3, citation:8] |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.40% max | Deoxidizer |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.030% max | Tswj rau weldability |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.030% max | Tswj kom toughness |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.15% max | Micro-Alloying rau cov nplej refinement |
| Niobium (Nb) | 0.05% max | Micro{0}} alloying rau lub zog |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.04% max | Micro-Alloying rau cov nplej refinement |
PSL2 (max %)
| Element | Specification | Qhov tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.12% max | Qhov tseem ceeb qis dua PSL1; zoo dua weldability |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.60% max | |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.025% max | nruj dua PSL1 |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.015% max | 50% txo los ntawm PSL1; tseem ceeb rau toughness thiab HIC kuj |
* Ceeb toom: Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm micro-alloying ntsiab (Nb + V + Ti) tsis tshaj 0.15%.*
Mechanical Properties
| Khoom | PSL1 Requirement | PSL2 Kev Xav Tau |
|---|---|---|
| Yield zog (min) | 414 MPa (60,000 psi) [citation: 3, citation: 5, citation: 8] | 414 MPa (60,000 psi) |
| Yield zog (max) | Tsis tau teev tseg | 565 MPa (82,000 psi) |
| Tensile zog (min) | 517-520 MPa (75,000 psi) [citation: 3, citation: 5, citation: 8] | 517-520 MPa (75,000 psi) |
| Tensile zog (max) | Tsis tau teev tseg | 760 MPa (110,000 psi) |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio | Tsis tau teev tseg | 0.93 max |
| Elongation | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 21% (nws txawv ntawm phab ntsa thickness) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 21% |
Qib sib piv
| Qib | Yield zog (min) | Tensile zog (min) | Tus txheeb ze zog vs. X60 | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 241 MPa (35 ksi) | 414 MPa (60 ksi) | -42% | Tsawg-kev sib sau ua ke, kev siv hluav taws xob |
| X42 | 290 MPa (42 ksi) | 414 MPa (60 ksi) | -30% | Sib sau ua ke, faib |
| X46 | 320 MPa (46 ksi) | 435 MPa (63 ksi) | -23% | Nruab nrab-kev sib sau siab |
| X52 | 359 MPa (52 ksi) | 455 MPa (66 ksi) | -13% | General kis tau tus mob |
| X56 | 390 MPa (56 ksi) | 490 MPa (71 ksi) | -6% | Siab dua -siab kis |
| X60 | 414 MPa (60 ksi) | 517 MPa (75 ksi) | Lub hauv paus | High -siab kis tau tus mob, offshore |
| X65 | 448 MPa (65 ksi) | 531 MPa (77 ksi) | +8% | Siab -siab, offshore |
| X70 | 483 MPa (70 ksi) | 565 MPa (82 ksi) | +17% | Ntev -qhov deb siab -siab |
* X60 sawv cev rau lub ntsiab lus nkag mus rau "siab- zog" cov khoom siv kav dej, muab kwv yees li 15% siab dua qhov muaj zog tshaj X52 .*
Dimensional Tolerances
| Parameter | Qhov Loj | Ua siab ntev | Qhov chaw |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla (219.1-273.1mm) | - | +1.6mm, -0.4 hli | |
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla (274-320mm) | - | +2.4mm, -0.8 hli | |
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla (323.9-457mm) | - | +2.4mm, -0.8 hli | |
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla (508-610mm) | - | +2.4mm, -0.8 hli | |
| Phab ntsa Thickness (508-610mm) | - | +19.5%, -8% |
Loj Muaj:ERW txheej txheem feem ntau tsim X60 kav mus txog24-26 nti (610 hli)OD [citation: 1, citation: 2, citation: 10]. Loj diameters yuav tsum tau LSAW los yog SSAW manufacturing.
Kev xeem yuav tsum tau
| Hom kev xeem | Lub hom phiaj | Kev siv tau |
|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas | Txheeb xyuas qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm API 5L txwv | Rau qhov kub |
| Tensile Test | Paub meej tias yield thiab tensile zog | Rau ntau |
| Flattening Test | Tshawb xyuas ductility | Yuav tsum tau |
| Khoov Test | Txheeb xyuas qhov kev ntseeg ntawm weld | Yuav tsum tau |
| Hydrostatic Test | Kev ntsuas siab ncaj ncees | Txhua lub raj |
| NDT (Ultrasonic / Eddy Tam sim no) | Weld seam soj ntsuam | Txuj kev xyaum |
| Impact Test (Charpy V-notch) | Tsawg-kub toughness | PSL2 xwb[Citation: 1, Citation: 5] |
| Kev kuaj Hardness | Sour kev pabcuam pov thawj | PSL2 (kev pabcuam qaub) |
Cov ntawv thov siv
| Daim ntawv thov | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Siab -Hloov Gas Transmission | Ntev -ntaus cov raj xa hluav taws xob uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab |
| Crude Roj Trunk Kab | Cov kab txuas tseem ceeb rau kev thauj cov roj av |
| Offshore Pipelines | Subsea pipelines xav tau lub zog siab - rau - qhov hnyav piv |
| Onshore Gathering Networks | Regional trunk systems txuas cov chaw tsim khoom rau kev ua haujlwm |
| Chaw nres tsheb thiab Header Piping | Saum toj no - cov kav dej hauv av ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb compressor / twj tso kua mis thiab cov chaw ntsuas ntsuas |
| Kev xa dej | Loj - txoj kab uas hla, siab - siab dej mains |
| Kev siv tus qauv | Rooj tog, qhov rais ncej, tsev, choj, mechanical |
PSL1 vs. PSL2: Qhov txawv tseem ceeb rau X60
| Feature | PSL1 | PSL2 | Qhov tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) max | 0.26% | 0.12% | 54% txo- zoo dua weldability, qis HAZ hardness |
| Sulfur (S) max | 0.030% | 0.015% | 50% txo- tseem ceeb rau toughness thiab HIC kuj |
| Yield zog | Min nkaus xwb | Min thiab Max (414-565 MPa) | Tiv thaiv tshaj - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog |
| Tensile zog | Min nkaus xwb | Min thiab Max (517-760 MPa) | Xyuas kom zoo ib yam mechanical zog |
| Yield ratio (Y/T) | Tsis tau teev tseg | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.93 | Xyuas kom txaus ductility |
| Kev ntsuam xyuas cuam tshuam | Tsis xav tau | Yuav tsum tau | Guarantee qis -kub toughness |
| NDT Requirements | Txuj | nruj dua | Kev kuaj pom zoo dua |
| Hom kev siv | Kev pabcuam dav dav | Kev pabcuam tseem ceeb, kev pabcuam qaub, qis kub |
Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws
| Qhov zoo | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Siab zog | 15% siab dua qhov muaj zog tshaj X52 - tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm siab dua lossis txo cov phab ntsa tuab |
| Tus nqi -Cov | Kev lag luam ntau dua li qib siab dua li X65 lossis X70 rau kev siv siab -siab |
| Weldability zoo heev | Tswj chemistry nrog qis carbon sib npaug ua kom zoo teb weldability |
| Dav Muaj | Ua los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj xws li Baosteel, US Steel, thiab lwm yam [citation: 1, citation: 7] |
| PSL2 Kev xaiv | Muaj rau cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau lav qis -kub toughness thiab qaub kev pab cuam kuj |
| Daim ntawv pov thawj dual | Feem ntau dual - ntawv pov thawj nrog ASTM A53 Qib B rau kev siv cov kav dej dav dav |
Kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb
1. Kev txwv qhov loj
ERW manufacturing rau X60 feem ntau txwv rau24-26 nti (610 mm) OD[Citation: 1, citation: 10]
Cov kab uas loj dua yuav tsum tau LSAW lossis SSAW manufacturing
2. PSL1 vs. PSL2 Xaiv
PSL1: Haum rau kev pabcuam dav dav, cov kab dej, tsis yog - cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb
PSL2: Yuav tsum muaj rau qhov kev pabcuam kub tsawg, kev pabcuam qaub (H₂S ib puag ncig), cov kav dej tswj (FERC, DOT), thiab cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb [citation: 1, citation: 5]
3. Qib sib npaug
TS EN ISO 3183: L415
GB/T 9711: L415
DNV OS{0}}F101Qib: Qib 450 (zoo sib xws)
4. Cov Ntawv Kho Mob Kub Kub (PSL2)
N: Normalized (X60N)
MTom ntej: Thermomechanical Rolled (X60M)
Q: Quenched thiab tempered (X60Q)
5. Txheej txheej xaiv
Dub (dawb): Standard zeb tiav
FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy): Kev tiv thaiv corrosion
3LPE (3-txheej polyethylene): faus cov kav dej
Coal Tar Epoxy: Heavy-lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv
Varnish Txheej / Anti- xeb roj: Kev tiv thaiv ib ntus
6. Mill Test Certificate
Feem ntau muab raws liEN 10204 Hom 3.1Bnrog tag nrho cov kev xeem
Thib peb-kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm SGS, BV, Lloyds muaj
7. Tiag -Kev Siv Ntiaj Teb
Offshore pipelines: X60 yog dav siv nyob rau hauv offshore daim ntaub ntawv, nrog rau cov dej tob
Tsawg-kev pabcuam kub: US Steel tsim X60 kab yeeb nkab kuaj ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias-60 ° F (-51 ° C)rau kev siv arctic
Tej yaam num loj: Baosteel X60 ERW yeeb nkab tau siv rau hauv Canada Pipeline Project, Brazil Slurry Pipeline Project, thiab Australia APA Gas Pipeline Project
Cov ntsiab lus
API 5L X60 ERW yeeb nkabyog lub siab - lub zog kab yeeb nkab uas ua haujlwm raws li qhov nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws. Nrog yam tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm60,000 psi (414 MPa)- kwv yees li15% siab dua X52- nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau siab - cov kav xa hluav taws xob siab qhov twg X52 yuav xav tau cov phab ntsa tuab heev.
Muaj nyob rau hauv diameters los ntawm21.3mm txog 610mm (1/2 "mus rau 24")nrog phab ntsa thicknesses los ntawm1.8mm txog 19.1mm, X60 ERW kav yog tsim los siv siab - cov txheej txheem vuam zaus uas ua kom zoo ib yam thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tseeb [citation:1, citation:2].
Cov specification muaj ob theem zoo:
PSL1: Cov qauv zoo rau kev pabcuam dav dav nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab
PSL2: Txhim khu kev ua tau zoo nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam, kev tswj cov tshuaj lom neeg nruj dua (C Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 0.12%, S Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.015%), thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws lub zog txwv rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau qis dua - kub toughness lossis qaub kev pab cuam [citation: 1, citation: 5]
Cov ntawv thov uas muaj xws li:
Siab -cov kav xa hluav taws xob siab
Crude roj trunk kab
Offshore thiab subsea pipelines
Chaw nres tsheb thiab header piping hauv compressor / twj tso kua mis
Siab - cov dej xa hluav taws xob
Thaum ordering, qhia:API 5L, Qib X60, [PSL1 lossis PSL2], ERW, Loj (OD x WT), Ntev, Xaus Xaus .
