API 5L X56 ERW Tube
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
API 5L X56 ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) yeeb nkabyog nruab nrab -rau- siab zog carbon steel kab yeeb nkab nyob nruab nrab ntawm X52 thiab X60 hauv API 5L qib ntaiv [citation:1, citation:3]. Qhov kev xaiv "X56" qhia txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm56,000 psi (386-390 MPa), muab kwv yees li 8% siab zog dua X52 [citation:3, citation:6]. Qib no feem ntau tau teev tseg rau siab dua - cov ntawv thov kev sib kis uas X52 lub zog tsis txaus tab sis X60 tuaj yeem dhau - qhia .
Lub npe piav qhia
| Ib feem | Lub ntsiab lus |
|---|---|
| API | Lub koom haum American Petroleum |
| 5L | Specification rau kab yeeb nkab siv nyob rau hauv pipeline tsheb thauj mus los systems |
| X56 | Qib kev xaiv - "X" qhia qib pipeline, "56" sawv cev rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub zog ntawm ksi (56,000 psi / 386-390 MPa) [citation: 3, citation: 4] |
| ERW | Electric Resistance Welded - yeeb nkab tsim los ntawm steel kauj thiab welded longitudinally yam tsis muaj muab tub lim hlau |
Ntsiab nta
| Feature | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Yield zog (min) | 386-390 MPa (56,000-56,600 psi)[siv: 3, citation: 6] |
| Tensile zog (min) | 490-500 MPa (71,100-72,500 psi)[siv: 3, citation: 6] |
| Kev tsim khoom | Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) - siab- zaus vuam txheej txheem [citation:1, citation:3] |
| Qhov Loj Loj (ERW) | 21.3 hli mus rau 610 hli (1/2 "mus rau 24") OD; mus txog 610 hli (24 ") raug rau ERW [citation: 1, citation: 2, citation: 7] |
| Phab ntsa Thickness | 1.8mm txog 19.1mm (max 18mm rau X56) [citation:1, citation:2] |
| Ntev | 3 m txog 18 m (customizable) [citation: 2, citation: 7] |
| Product Specification Levels | PSL1(standard) thiabPSL2(txhim kho) [citation: 3, citation: 4] |
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
PSL1 (max %) [citation:3, citation:10]
| Element | Specification | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.26-0.28% max | Muab lub zog |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.40% max | Txhim khu lub zog thiab hardenability |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.40% max | Deoxidizer |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.030% max | Tswj rau weldability |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.030% max | Tswj kom toughness |
PSL2 (max %) [citation:3, citation:6, citation:10]
| Element | Specification | Qhov tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.24% max | Weldability zoo dua li PSL1 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.40% max | |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.40-0.45% max | |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.025% max | nruj dua PSL1 |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.015% max | 50% txo los ntawm PSL1; tseem ceeb rau toughness |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.10% max | Micro-Alloying rau grain refinement |
| Niobium (Nb) | 0.05% max | Micro{0}} alloying rau lub zog |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.04% max | Micro-Alloying rau grain refinement |
* Ceeb toom: Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm micro-alloying ntsiab (Nb + V + Ti) tsis tshaj 0.15%.*
Mechanical Properties
| Khoom | PSL1 Requirement | PSL2 Kev Xav Tau |
|---|---|---|
| Yield zog (min) | 390 MPa (56,600 psi) | 390 MPa (56,600 psi) |
| Yield zog (max) | Tsis tau teev tseg | 545 MPa (79,000 psi) |
| Tensile zog (min) | 490 MPa (71,100 psi) | 490 MPa (71,100 psi) |
| Tensile zog (max) | Tsis tau teev tseg | 760 MPa (110,000 psi) |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio | Tsis tau teev tseg | 0.93 max |
| Elongation | Rau API 5L rooj | Rau API 5L rooj |
Qib sib piv
| Qib | Yield zog (min) | Tensile zog (min) | Tus txheeb ze zog vs. X52 | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X42 | 290 MPa (42 ksi) | 415 MPa (60 ksi) | -19% | Sib sau ua ke, faib |
| X46 | 320 MPa (46 ksi) | 435 MPa (63 ksi) | -11% | Nruab nrab-kev sib sau ua ke |
| X52 | 359-360 MPa (52 ksi) | 455-460 MPa (66 ksi) | Lub hauv paus | General kis tau tus mob |
| X56 | 386-390 MPa (56 ksi) | 490-500 MPa (71 ksi) | +8% tawm | Siab dua -siab kis |
| X60 | 414-415 MPa (60 ksi) | 517-520 MPa (75 ksi) | +15% tawm | High -siab kis |
* X56 muaj kwv yees li 8% siab dua qhov muaj zog tshaj X52 thiab ua haujlwm raws li tus nqi - kev xaiv nruab nrab zoo thaum X52 qis dua - lub zog tab sis X60 yuav dhau - qhia .*
Dimensional Tolerances
| Parameter | Qhov Loj | Ua siab ntev | Qhov chaw |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla (OD 219.1-273.1mm) | - | +1.6mm, -0.4 hli | |
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla (OD 274-320mm) | - | +2.4mm, -0.8 hli | |
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla (OD 323.9-457mm) | - | +2.4mm, -0.8 hli | |
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla (OD 508-610mm) | - | +2.4mm, -0.8 hli | |
| Phab ntsa Thickness (OD 508-610mm) | - | +19.5%, -8% |
Loj Muaj:ERW txheej txheem feem ntau tsim X56 kav mus txog24-26 nti (610 hli)OD [citation: 1, citation: 2, citation: 7]. Cov kab uas loj dua yuav tsum tau LSAW lossis SSAW manufacturing.
Kev xeem yuav tsum tau
| Hom kev xeem | Lub hom phiaj | Kev siv tau |
|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas | Txheeb xyuas qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm API 5L txwv | Rau qhov kub |
| Tensile Test | Paub meej tias yield thiab tensile zog | Rau ntau |
| Flattening Test | Tshawb xyuas ductility | Yuav tsum tau |
| Khoov Test | Txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm qhov vuam | Yuav tsum tau |
| Hydrostatic Test | Kev ntsuas siab ncaj ncees | Txhua lub raj |
| NDT (Ultrasonic / Eddy Tam sim no) | Weld seam soj ntsuam | Txuj kev xyaum |
| Impact Test (Charpy V-notch) | Tsawg-kub toughness | PSL2 xwb[Citation: 3, Citation: 4] |
| Kev kuaj Hardness | Sour kev pabcuam pov thawj | PSL2 (kev pabcuam qaub) |
Cov ntawv thov siv
| Daim ntawv thov | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Roj thiab roj kis tau tus mob | Nruab nrab-rau- cov kav dej siab siab rau cov roj av thiab cov nkev ntuj |
| Natural Gas Sib Sau Kab | Txuas qhov dej mus rau cov chaw ua haujlwm |
| Kev xa dej Mains | Loj - txoj kab uas hla hauv nroog thiab cov kav dej muaj |
| Muaj Txheej Txheem Piping | Refineries, tshuaj nroj tsuag, tsim hluav taws xob |
| Sib sau thiab Flow Lines | Upstream roj thiab roj ua haujlwm |
| Kev siv tus qauv | Rooj tog, qhov rais thav duab, qhov rooj ncej, lub tsev, choj, mechanical |
PSL1 vs. PSL2: Qhov txawv tseem ceeb rau X56
| Feature | PSL1 | PSL2 | Qhov tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) max | 0.26-0.28% | 0.24% | Zoo dua weldability, qis dua HAZ hardness |
| Sulfur (S) max | 0.030% | 0.015% | 50% txo- tseem ceeb rau toughness thiab HIC kuj |
| Yield zog | Min nkaus xwb | Min thiab Max (390-545 MPa) | Tiv thaiv tshaj - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog |
| Tensile zog | Min nkaus xwb | Min thiab Max (490-760 MPa) | Xyuas kom zoo ib yam mechanical zog |
| Yield ratio (Y/T) | Tsis tau teev tseg | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.93 | Xyuas kom txaus ductility |
| Kev ntsuam xyuas cuam tshuam | Tsis xav tau | Yuav tsum tau | Guarantee qis -kub toughness |
| NDT Requirements | Txuj | nruj dua | Kev kuaj pom zoo dua |
| Hom kev siv | Kev pabcuam dav dav | Kev pabcuam tseem ceeb, kev pabcuam qaub, qis kub |
Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws
| Qhov zoo | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Siab zog tshaj X52 | 8% siab dua qhov muaj zog tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm siab dua lossis txo cov phab ntsa tuab |
| Tus nqi - Qib Nruab Nrab Ua Tau Zoo | Kev lag luam hloov pauv thaum X52 qis dua - lub zog tab sis X60 yuav dhau - qhia |
| Weldability zoo heev | Tswj chemistry ua kom zoo teb weldability |
| Dav Muaj | Ua los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj xws li Baosteel |
| PSL2 Kev xaiv | Muaj rau cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau lav qis -kub toughness thiab qaub kev pab cuam kuj |
Kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb
1. Kev txwv qhov loj
ERW manufacturing rau X56 feem ntau txwv rau24-26 nti (610 mm) OD[Citation: 1, citation: 2]
Cov kab uas loj dua yuav tsum tau LSAW lossis SSAW manufacturing
2. PSL1 vs. PSL2 Xaiv
PSL1: Haum rau cov kev pabcuam dav dav, cov kab dej, tsis yog - cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb
PSL2: Yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov kev pabcuam kub tsawg, kev pabcuam qaub (H₂S ib puag ncig), cov kav dej tswj (FERC, DOT), thiab cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb
3. Qib sib npaug
TS EN ISO 3183: L390
GB/T 9711: L390
4. Txheej txheej xaiv
Dub (dawb): Txheem zeb tiav
FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy): Kev tiv thaiv corrosion
3LPE (3-txheej polyethylene): faus cov kav dej
Coal Tar Epoxy: Heavy-lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv
Varnish Txheej / Anti- xeb roj: Kev tiv thaiv ib ntus
5. Mill Test Certificate
Feem ntau muab raws liEN 10204 Hom 3.1Bnrog tag nrho cov kev xeem
Thib peb-kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm SGS, BV, Lloyds muaj
Cov ntsiab lus
API 5L X56 ERW yeeb nkabyog qhov nruab nrab -rau- siab zog kab yeeb nkab uas sau qhov sib txawv ntawm X52 thiab X60 hauv qib API 5L qib ntaiv. Nrog yam tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm56,000 psi (390 MPa)- kwv yees li8% siab dua X52- nws muaj qhov kev xaiv nruab nrab zoo tshaj plaws rau siab dua - cov ntawv thov kev sib kis uas X52 nyob rau hauv - lub zog tab sis X60 yuav dhau los - qhia .
Muaj nyob rau hauv diameters los ntawm21.3mm txog 610mm (1/2 "mus rau 24")nrog phab ntsa thicknesses los ntawm1.8mm txog 19.1mm[citation: 1, citation: 2], X56 ERW kav yog tsim los siv siab - cov txheej txheem vuam zaus uas ua kom zoo ib yam thiab qhov raug.
Cov specification muaj ob theem zoo:
PSL1: Cov qauv zoo rau kev pabcuam dav dav nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab
PSL2: Txhim khu kev ua tau zoo nrog kev ntsuas qhov yuav tsum tau ua, kev tswj cov tshuaj lom neeg nruj dua (S Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.015%, P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.025%), thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws lub zog txwv rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau qis dua - kub toughness lossis qaub kev pab cuam tsis kam [citation: 3, citation: 10]
Cov ntawv thov feem ntau suav nrog qhov nruab nrab - mus rau - cov roj thiab cov pa hluav taws xob siab, kev sib sau cov pa roj, cov dej xa hluav taws xob, thiab cov kav dej hauv kev lag luam.
Thaum ordering, qhia:API 5L, Qib X56, [PSL1 lossis PSL2], ERW, Loj (OD x WT), Ntev, Xaus Xaus.
