API 5L PSL2 X65 ERW Steel Yeeb Nkab
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
API 5L PSL2 Qib X65 ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) steel yeeb nkabyog lub siab - lub zog kab yeeb nkab tsim los rau kev thov cov roj thiab cov roj xa hluav taws xob. Qhov kev xaiv "X65" qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm65,000 psi (448 MPa), sawv cev kwv yees li 8% lub zog siab dua X60 thiab 25% siab dua X52 . PSL2 ntxiv cov kev xav tau zoo nrog rau kev tswj cov tshuaj nruj dua, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas, kev txwv lub zog siab tshaj plaws, thiab tag nrho traceability.
Lub npe lov raws li hauv qab no:
API 5L: American Petroleum Institute specification rau kab yeeb nkab
PSL2: Khoom Specification Qib 2 (ua kom zoo dua nrog kev sim yuav tsum tau)
X65Qib qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm 65 ksi (448 MPa)
ERW: Hluav taws xob Resistance Welded - yeeb nkab tsim los ntawm steel kauj thiab welded longitudinally yam tsis muaj muab tub lim
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Txuj | API 5L (46th Edition, ua raws li ISO 3183) |
| Khoom Specification Level | PSL2 |
| Qib | X65 (L450 hauv ISO cim) |
| Yam tsawg kawg Yield Strength | 448-450 MPa (65,000-65,300 psi) |
| Maximum Yield Strength | 600 MPa (87,000 psi)- PSL2 qhia txog min thiab max |
| Yam tsawg kawg Tensile Strength | 531-535 MPa (77,000-77,600 psi) |
| Maximum Tensile Strength | 760 MPa (110,200 psi) |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio (max) | 0.93 |
| Hom kev tsim khoom | ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) / HFW |
| Qhov Loj Loj (ERW) | 5 "mus rau 26" (127 mm txog 660 mm) OD; ib txwm ERW mus txog 24 " |
| Phab ntsa Thickness | 3.2 hli mus rau 22.2 hli; Teem caij 10 txog 160, STD, XS |
| Ntev | 5m rau 18m; SRL, DRL; 5.8 m, 6 m, 11.8 m, 12 m txheem |
| Xaus Xaus | Plain xaus, beveled xaus |
Chemical Composition (PSL2 Welded Yeeb Nkab)
| Lub ntsiab | Qhov siab tshaj % | PSL1 Sib piv |
|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.22% | 0.26% (kev tswj nruj dua) |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.45% | Tsis tau teev rau PSL1 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.45% | 1.45% (zoo ib yam) |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.025% | 0.030% (tsis suav) |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.015% | 0.030% (50% txo) |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.10% max | Kev xaiv micro-alloying |
| Niobium (Nb) | 0.05% max | Kev xaiv micro-alloying |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.04% max | Kev xaiv micro-alloying |
| Carbon sib npaug (CE IIW) | Muab xam thiab tswj | Tsis xav tau rau PSL1 |
* Ceeb Toom: PSL2 yuav tsum muaj cov pa roj carbon sib npaug (CE) suav thiab tswj kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw zoo weldability. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm micro-alloying ntsiab (Nb + V + Ti) tsis tshaj 0.15%. Rau cov ntawv thov kev pabcuam qaub, cov ntsiab lus sulfur yuav raug txwv ntxiv rau Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.002%.*
Mechanical Properties
| Khoom | PSL2 Kev Xav Tau | PSL1 Sib piv |
|---|---|---|
| Yield zog (min) | 448-450 MPa (65,000-65,300 psi) | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
| Yield zog (max) | 600 MPa (87,000 psi) | Tsis tau teev tseg |
| Tensile zog (min) | 531-535 MPa (77,000-77,600 psi) | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
| Tensile zog (max) | 760 MPa (110,200 psi) | Tsis tau teev tseg |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio | 0.93 max | Tsis tau teev tseg |
| Elongation | Ib tus qauv API 5L (feem ntau ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 20%) | Tib yam mis nyuj |
| Charpy Impact (CVN) | Yuav tsum tauntawm qhov kub thiab txias | Tsis xav tau |
| Hardness (max) | 250 HV10 (kev pabcuam qaub: 248 HV10) | Tsis tau teev tseg |
Dimensional Tolerances (API 5L)
| Parameter | Qhov Loj | Ua siab ntev |
|---|---|---|
| Lub cev OD | 219.1-457 hli | ±0.75% |
| Lub cev OD | 508-610 hli | ±0.75% |
| Cov yeeb nkab kawg (219.1-273.1 hli) | - | +1.6 hli / -0.4 hli |
| Cov yeeb nkab kawg (274-320 mm) | - | +2.4 hli / -0.8 hli |
| Cov yeeb nkab kawg (323.9-457 mm) | - | +2.4 hli / -0.8 hli |
| Phab ntsa Thickness (508-610mm) | - | +19.5% / -8% |
| Phab ntsa Thickness (219.1-457 mm) | - | +15% / -12.5% |
| Kev ncaj | Ntev ntev | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.15% ntawm tag nrho qhov ntev |
ERW Manufacturing txheej txheem
ERW steel yeeb nkab yog ncaj seam hluav taws xob tsis kam welded yeeb nkab uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv:
Uncoiling- Steel kauj yog uncoiled thiab leveled
Ntug Kev Npaj- Cov npoo npoo yog milled rau kev vuam zoo
tsim- Steel strip yog txias - ua rau hauv cov duab cylindrical
Hluav taws xob induction Vuam- Siab- zaus vuam koom nrog cov npoo yam tsis muaj hlau muab tub lim
Seam Heat Treatment (SHT)- Lub weld seam yog normalized rau refine grain qauv thiab tshem tawm nkig constituents
Qhov loj me- Cov yeeb nkab dhau los ntawm qhov loj me kom ua tiav qhov ntev kawg
NDT- 100% tsis yog- kuaj kev puas tsuaj (ultrasonic lossis eddy tam sim no) ntawm weld seam
Kev Ntsuas Hydrostatic-Txhua cov yeeb nkab ib leeg raug kuaj xyuas kom muaj kev ncaj ncees siab
Xaus Xaus- Xaus npaj (dawb lossis beveled)
Kev Xeem Xeem (PSL2)
| Hom kev xeem | Kev xav tau | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas | Rau qhov kub ntau | Tighter PSL2 txwv |
| Tensile Test | Rau ntau | Txheeb xyuas qhov txwv min thiab max |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.93 | Yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj |
| Charpy Impact Test (CVN) | Yuav tsum tau | Yuav tsum muaj rau txhua qib PSL2; Feem ntau 38J-45J ntawm 0 degree |
| Flattening Test | Yuav tsum tau rau ERW yeeb nkab | Tshawb xyuas ductility |
| Khoov Test | Yuav tsum tau | Verifies weld kev ncaj ncees |
| Hydrostatic Test | Txhua lub raj | Kev ntsuas siab ncaj ncees |
| NDT (Ultrasonic / Eddy Tam sim no) | 100% ntawm weld seam | Yuav tsum tau rau PSL2 |
| Kev Xeem Hardness | Rau kev pabcuam qaub | Hardness mapping yuav tsum tau thaum teev tseg |
| Kev xeem HIC/SSC | Rau kev pabcuam qaub | Raws li NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 |
Qib sib piv: X65 vs. Cov Qib uas nyob ib sab
| Qib | Yield zog (min) | Yield zog (max) | Tensile zog (min) | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X52 | 359-360 MPa (52 ksi) | 531 MPa (77 ksi) | 455-460 MPa (66 ksi) | General kis tau tus mob |
| X56 | 386-390 MPa (56 ksi) | 545 MPa (79 ksi) | 490 MPa (71 ksi) | Siab dua -siab kis |
| X60 | 414-415 MPa (60 ksi) | 565 MPa (82 ksi) | 517-520 MPa (75 ksi) | High -siab kis |
| X65 | 448-450 MPa (65 ksi) | 600 MPa (87 ksi) | 531-535 MPa (77 ksi) | Siab -siab, offshore, thov thov |
| X70 | 483-485 MPa (70 ksi) | 635 MPa (92 ksi) | 565-570 MPa (82 ksi) | Ntev -qhov deb siab -siab |
X65 muaj kwv yees li 8% siab dua qhov muaj zog tshaj X60 thiab 25% siab dua X52 .
PSL1 vs. PSL2 Sib piv rau X65
| Feature | PSL1 X65 | PSL 2 X 65 | Qhov tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) max | 0.26% | 0.22% | Zoo dua weldability, qis dua HAZ hardness |
| Sulfur (S) max | 0.030% | 0.015% | 50% txo- tseem ceeb rau toughness |
| Phosphorus (P) max | 0.030% | 0.025% | Txhim kho toughness thiab weldability |
| Manganese (Mn) max | 1.45% | 1.45% | Zoo sib xws |
| Yield zog | 450 MPa min xwb | 450-600 MPa ntau yam | Tiv thaiv tshaj - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog |
| Tensile zog | 535 MPa min xwb | 535-760 MPa ntau | Xyuas kom zoo ib yam mechanical zog |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio | Tsis tau teev tseg | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.93 | Xyuas kom txaus ductility |
| Charpy Impact Testing | Tsis xav tau | Yuav tsum tau(38J-45J ntawm 0 degree) | Guarantee qis -kub toughness |
| NDT Requirements | Txuj | nruj dua | Kev kuaj pom zoo dua |
| Traceability | Batch qib | Pipe -los ntawm- yeeb nkab puv traceability | Ua kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv zoo |
| Hom kev siv | Kev pabcuam dav dav | Kev pabcuam tseem ceeb, kev pabcuam qaub, qhov kub thiab txias, offshore |
Cov ntawv thov siv
| Daim ntawv thov | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Siab -Hloov Gas Transmission | Ntev -ntaus cov raj xa hluav taws xob uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab |
| Offshore thiab Subsea Pipelines | Subsea pipelines xav tau lub zog siab - rau - qhov hnyav piv |
| Crude Roj Trunk Kab | Cov kab txuas tseem ceeb rau kev thauj cov roj av |
| Onshore Gathering Networks | Regional trunk systems txuas cov chaw tsim khoom rau kev ua haujlwm |
| Chaw nres tsheb thiab Header Piping | Compressor chaw nres tsheb, twj tso kua mis, metering chaw |
| Sour Service | H₂S ib puag ncig (nrog rau NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 ntxiv) |
| Tsawg- Kev Pabcuam Kub | Cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau lav qhov cuam tshuam rau lub zog (piv txwv li, 38J-45J ntawm 0 degree) |
| Kev xa dej | Loj - txoj kab uas hla, siab - siab dej mains |
| Kev siv tus qauv | Kev tsim kho, choj, hluav taws xob engineering |
Thaum tshav kub kub kho Suffixes (PSL2)
PSL2 X65 tuaj yeem muab tau nrog cov lus qhia txog kev kho cua sov:
| Lub ntsiab lus | Qhov xwm txheej | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|
| X65N | Li qub | General kis tau tus mob, txhim kho grain qauv |
| X65Q | Quenched thiab tempered | Maximum zog uniformity |
| X65M | Thermomechanical yob (TMCP) | Txhim kho toughness thiab weldability |
Tiag -Lub Ntiaj Teb Project Piv txwv
Qhov tseem ceeb tiag tiag -kev thov thoob ntiaj teb ntawm API 5L PSL2 X65 ERW yeeb nkab yog qhovIndonesian Submarine Pipeline Projectua los ntawm Tuam Tshoj San Ye Group. Qhov project specifications suav nrog:
Tag nrho tonnage:14,416 t
Cov yeeb nkab loj:Φ355.6 × 11.1 hli thiab Φ355.6 × 12.7 hli
Txheem:API 5L PSL2 X65
Impact toughness xav tau:Yam tsawg kawg 38 Joules, siab tshaj 45 Joules
Daim ntawv thov:Submarine (underwater) roj thiab roj kis tau tus mob
Qhov project no qhia txog cov kev cai nruj heev rau X65 PSL2 ERW yeeb nkab hauv kev siv sab nrauv, suav nrog:
High hydrostatic xeem siab nrog ncua sij hawm tuav
Cov txheej txheem kev lees paub nruj heev
Siab - qhov yuav tsum tau ua zoo rau ob lub hauv paus hlau thiab cov yeeb nkab tiav
Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws
| Qhov zoo | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Siab zog | 65,000 psi tawm los - 8% siab dua X60, 25% siab dua X52 |
| Guaranteed Toughness | Yuav tsum tau Charpy impact testing kom qis -kub kev ua haujlwm; 38J-45J ntawm 0 degree |
| Stricter Chemistry | 50% qis sulfur cov ntsiab lus (0.015% vs . 0.030%) txhim kho weldability thiab HIC tsis kam |
| Tswj lub zog | Lub zog tawm los siab tshaj plaws (600 MPa) tiv thaiv ntau tshaj - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem vuam |
| Tag nrho Traceability | Pipe-los ntawm- yeeb nkab traceability kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv zoo |
| Enhanced NDT | Kev nruj dua uas tsis yog - qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj kev puas tsuaj |
| Kev kho cua sov | Advanced ERW txheej txheem suav nrog kev kho cua sov hauv zos los kho qhov chaw weld microstructure |
| Tus nqi -Cov | ERW txheej txheem muab kev lag luam tsim khoom rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg txog 24 " |
| Sour Service Muaj peev xwm | Muaj nrog NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 ua raws rau H₂S ib puag ncig |
Txheej txheej xaiv
| Txheej hom | Zoo tshaj rau | Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| 3LPE (3-txheej polyethylene) | faus cov kav dej | Feem ntau; kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev |
| FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy) | Roj & roj pipelines | Muaj zog adhesion, tshuaj tiv thaiv |
| 3LPP (3-txheej polypropylene) | Offshore pipelines | Kub kub tsis kam (txog 140 degree) |
| Coal Tar Epoxy | Marine ib puag ncig | Heavy-lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv |
| Dub (dawb) | Standard zeb tiav | Kev tiv thaiv ib ntus |
| Varnish/Anti- xeb roj | Kev tiv thaiv ib ntus | Luv -lub sij hawm tiv thaiv corrosion thaum thauj |
| Pob zeb hnyav txheej (CWC) | Offshore / subsea pipelines | Tsis zoo buoyancy thiab mechanical tiv thaiv |
Kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb
1. Kev txwv qhov loj
ERW manufacturing rau X65 feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv5 "mus rau 26" (127 mm txog 660 mm) OD
Loj diameters (tshaj 26 ") yuav tsum tau LSAW los yog SSAW manufacturing
2. PSL1 vs. PSL2 Xaiv
PSL2: Yuav tsum muaj rau qis- qhov kev pabcuam kub (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qis dua 0 degree), kev pabcuam qaub (H₂S ib puag ncig), cov kav dej tswj hwm (FERC, DOT), kev siv sab nrauv, thiab cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb
PSL1: Haum rau cov kev pabcuam dav dav, cov kab dej, tsis yog - daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj qhov ntsuas kub tsawg - tsis tas yuav tsum muaj qhov toughness
3. Kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub
Standard Charpy tej yam kev kuaj yuav raug teev nyob rau hauv ntau yam kub (0 degree, -20 degree, -45 degree)
Rau cov ntawv thov subsea, cov kev xav tau ntau yam ntawm 38J txog 45J ntawm 0 degree
Rau kev siv txias dua (arctic, dej tob), kev ntsuas cuam tshuam ntawm-20 degreelos yog-45 degreetuaj yeem teev
4. Muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm siab
PSL2 X65 nrog rau cov kev xav tau ntxiv tuaj yeem siv rau kev pabcuam qaub (H₂S ib puag ncig):
Kev kuaj Hardness (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 248 HV10)
HIC thiab SSC xeem rau NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156
Cov ntsiab lus sulfur yuav raug txwv ntxiv rau Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.002%
5. Qib sib npaug
TS EN ISO 3183: L450
GB/T 9711: L450
DNV OS{0}}F101Qib: Qib 450 (zoo sib xws)
6. Kev xa khoom xa tuaj
PSL2 X65 tuaj yeem muab tau rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
Raws li - dov
Li qub
Normalized thiab tempered
Quenched thiab tempered
Thermomechanical yob (TMCP)
7. Mill Test Certificate
Feem ntau muab raws liEN 10204 Hom 3.1nrog tag nrho cov kev xeem
Thib peb-kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tog (SGS, BV, Lloyds, TUV, ABS) muaj raws li qhov kev thov
8. Cov ntawv thov kev lag luam
X65 yog dav siv nyob rau hauv siab - pa roj kis tau tus mob, offshore pipelines, thiab subsea daim ntaub ntawv. Nws lub zog siab - rau - qhov hnyav piv ua rau cov khoom txuag thiab txo cov phab ntsa thickness piv rau cov qib qis. Cov dej num tseem ceeb suav nrog cov kav dej hauv qab dej hauv Indonesia thiab lwm qhov kev tsim kho roj thiab roj av.
Cov ntsiab lus
API 5L PSL2 Qib X65 ERW steel yeeb nkabyog lub siab - lub zog kab yeeb nkab tsim los rau kev thov cov roj thiab cov roj xa hluav taws xob. Nrog yam tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm65,000 psi (448 MPa)- kwv yees li8% siab dua X60thiab25% siab dua X52- thiab txhim kho PSL2 cov kev xav tau zoo, cov yeeb nkab no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau siab - cov kav xa hluav taws xob siab, kev siv sab nrauv, thiab cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb uas X60 yuav xav tau cov phab ntsa tuab heev.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:
Muaj nyob rau hauvPSL2qib zoo nrog txhim kho cov kev cai xeem
Tsim los ntawmERW txheej txheem- Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm 5 "mus rau 26" OD
Yuav tsum tau Charpy impact testUa kom qis -kub kev ua haujlwm (38J-45J ntawm 0℃raug)
50% qis sulfur cov ntsiab lus(0.015% vs. 0.030%) txhim kho toughness thiab HIC kuj
Maximum yield zog(600 MPa) tiv thaiv ntau tshaj - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog
Micro{0}} alloyednrog Nb / V rau kev txhim kho cov khoom
Yield-rau-tensile ratio Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.93xyuas kom txaus ductility
Kev kho cua sovtechnology xyuas kom meej weld cheeb tsam
Tag nrho traceabilitylos ntawm steelmaking mus rau cov yeeb nkab tiav
NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 ua rawsrau kev siv qaub qaub
Cov ntawv thov uas muaj xws li:
Siab -cov kav xa hluav taws xob siab
Offshore thiab subsea pipelines
Crude roj trunk kab
Chaw nres tsheb thiab header piping
Tsawg- qhov kub thiab txias kev pab cuam yuav tsum tau guaranteed tej yam toughness
Cov ntawv thov kev pabcuam qaub (nrog NACE cov kev xav tau ntxiv)
Kev xa dej thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem
Thaum ordering, qhia:API 5L PSL2 Qib X65 ERW steel yeeb nkab, Qhov Loj (OD x WT), Ntev, Qhov Kawg Finish (plain / beveled), Kev kho cua sov (N / Q / M yog tias xav tau), Txheej Txheej (3LPE / FBE / liab qab), thiab lwm yam kev xav tau ntxiv (kev ntsuas kub, kev pabcuam qaub). Mill Test Certificate rau EN 10204 Hom 3.1 yog tus qauv.
