API 5L PSL2 X46 ERW Steel Yeeb Nkab
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
API 5L PSL2 Qib X46 ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) steel yeeb nkabyog qhov nruab nrab - lub zog kab yeeb nkab uas muaj cov kev xav tau zoo dua PSL1. Qhov kev xaiv "X46" qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm46,000 psi (317 MPa), muab tso rau ntawm X42 thiab X52 hauv API 5L qib ntaiv . PSL2 ntxiv kev tswj cov tshuaj nruj dua, yuav tsum muaj kev sim cuam tshuam, txwv lub zog siab tshaj plaws, thiab tag nrho traceability.
Lub npe lov raws li hauv qab no:
API 5L: American Petroleum Institute specification rau kab yeeb nkab
PSL2: Khoom Specification Qib 2 (ua kom zoo dua nrog kev sim yuav tsum tau)
X46Qib qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm 46 ksi (317 MPa)
ERW: Hluav taws xob Resistance Welded - yeeb nkab tsim los ntawm steel kauj thiab welded longitudinally yam tsis muaj muab tub lim
Ntsiab Specifications
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Txuj | API 5L (raws li ISO 3183) |
| Khoom Specification Level | PSL2 |
| Qib | X46 (L320 hauv ISO cim) |
| Yam tsawg kawg nkaus Yield Strength | 317-320 MPa (46,000-46,400 psi) |
| Maximum Yield zog | 524-525 MPa (76,000-76,100 psi)- PSL2 qhia ob qho tib si min thiab max |
| Yam tsawg kawg Tensile Strength | 434-435 MPa (63,000-63,100 psi) |
| Maximum Tensile Strength | 758-760 MPa (110,000-110,200 psi) |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio (max) | 0.93 |
| Hom kev tsim khoom | ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) / HFW |
| Qhov Loj Loj (ERW) | 21.3 hli mus rau 660 hli (1/2 "mus rau 26") OD; ib txwm ERW mus txog 24 " |
| Phab ntsa Thickness | 1.5mm txog 22.2mm; Teem caij 10 txog 160, STD, XS |
| Ntev | 5m rau 14m; SRL, DRL; 5.8 m, 6 m, 11.8 m, 12 m txheem |
| Xaus Xaus | Plain xaus, beveled xaus, threaded xaus |
| Txheej txheej | 3LPE, FBE, thee tar epoxy, xim dub, kua roj vanish |
Chemical Composition (PSL2 Welded Yeeb Nkab)
| Element | Ntau tshaj % | PSL1 Sib piv |
|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.22% | 0.26% (tighter tswj) |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.40% | 1.40% (zoo ib yam) |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.40-0.45% | Tsis tau teev rau PSL1 |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.025% | 0.030% (tsis suav) |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.015% | 0.030% (50% txo) |
* Ceeb Toom: PSL2 kuj xav tau cov pa roj carbon sib npaug (CE) suav thiab tswj. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm micro-alloying ntsiab (Nb + V + Ti) tsis tshaj 0.15%.*
Mechanical Properties
| Khoom | PSL2 Kev Xav Tau | PSL1 Sib piv |
|---|---|---|
| Yield zog (min) | 317-320 MPa (46,400 psi) | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
| Yield zog (max) | 524-525 MPa (76,000-76,100 psi) | Tsis tau teev tseg |
| Tensile zog (min) | 434-435 MPa (63,000-63,100 psi) | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus |
| Tensile zog (max) | 758-760 MPa (110,000-110,200 psi) | Tsis tau teev tseg |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio | 0.93 max | Tsis tau teev tseg |
| Elongation | Raws li API 5L formula | Tib yam mis nyuj |
| Charpy Impact (CVN) | Yuav tsum tauntawm qhov kub thiab txias | Tsis xav tau |
Dimensional Tolerances (API 5L)
| Parameter | Qhov Loj | Ua siab ntev |
|---|---|---|
| Lub cev OD | 219.1-457 hli | ±0.75% |
| Lub cev OD | 508-610 hli | ±0.75% |
| Cov yeeb nkab kawg (219.1-273.1 hli) | - | +1.6 hli / -0.4 hli |
| Cov yeeb nkab kawg (274-320 mm) | - | +2.4 hli / -0.8 hli |
| Cov yeeb nkab kawg (323.9-457 mm) | - | +2.4 hli / -0.8 hli |
| Phab ntsa Thickness (508-610mm) | - | +19.5% / -8% |
| Phab ntsa Thickness (219.1-457 mm) | - | +15% / -12.5% |
ERW Manufacturing txheej txheem
ERW steel yeeb nkab yog ncaj seam hluav taws xob tiv thaiv welded yeeb nkab uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv:
Uncoiling- Steel kauj yog uncoiled thiab leveled
Ntug Kev Npaj- Cov npoo npoo yog milled rau kev vuam zoo
tsim- Steel strip yog txias - ua rau hauv cylindrical zoo
Hluav taws xob induction Vuam- Siab- zaus vuam koom nrog cov npoo yam tsis muaj hlau muab tub lim
Kev kho cua sov- Nruab nrab zaus kev kho cua sov normalizes thaj tsam weld
Qhov loj me- Cov yeeb nkab dhau los ntawm qhov loj me kom ua tiav qhov ntev kawg
NDT- 100% tsis yog- kuaj kev puas tsuaj (ultrasonic lossis eddy tam sim no) ntawm weld seam
Kev Ntsuas Hydrostatic-Txhua cov yeeb nkab ib leeg raug kuaj xyuas kom muaj kev ncaj ncees siab
Xaus Xaus- Xaus npaj (dawb lossis beveled)
Qib sib piv: X46 vs. Cov Qib uas nyob ib sab
| Qib | Yield zog (min) | Yield zog (max) | Tus txheeb ze zog vs. X46 | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X42 | 290 MPa (42 ksi) | 496 MPa (72 ksi) | -9% | Nruab nrab -siab kis |
| X46 | 317 MPa (46 ksi) | 524 MPa (76 ksi) | Lub hauv paus | Siab dua -siab kis |
| X52 | 359 MPa (52 ksi) | 531 MPa (77 ksi) | +13% | General kis tau tus mob |
* X46 muaj kwv yees li 10% siab dua qhov muaj zog tshaj X42 thiab ua haujlwm raws li tus nqi - kev xaiv nruab nrab zoo thaum X42 qis dua - lub zog tab sis X52 yuav dhau - tshwj xeeb .*
Kev Xeem Xeem (PSL2)
| Hom kev xeem | Kev xav tau | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas | Rau qhov kub ntau | Tighter PSL2 txwv |
| Tensile Test | Rau ntau | Txheeb xyuas qhov txwv min thiab max |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.93 | Yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj |
| Charpy Impact Test (CVN) | Yuav tsum tau | Yuav tsum muaj rau txhua qib PSL2 |
| Flattening Test | Yuav tsum tau rau ERW yeeb nkab | Txheeb xyuas ductility |
| Khoov Test | Yuav tsum tau | Verifies weld kev ncaj ncees |
| Hydrostatic Test | Txhua lub raj | Kev ntsuas siab ncaj ncees |
| NDT (Ultrasonic / Eddy Tam sim no) | 100% ntawm weld seam | Yuav tsum tau rau PSL2 |
| Kev kuaj Hardness | Rau kev pabcuam qaub | Hardness mapping yuav tsum tau thaum teev tseg |
PSL1 vs. PSL2 Sib piv rau X46
| Feature | PSL1 X46 | PSL 2 X46 | Qhov tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) max | 0.26% | 0.22% | Zoo dua weldability, qis dua HAZ hardness |
| Sulfur (S) max | 0.030% | 0.015% | 50% txo- tseem ceeb rau toughness |
| Phosphorus (P) max | 0.030% | 0.025% | Txhim kho toughness thiab weldability |
| Yield zog | 317 MPa min xwb | 317-524 MPa ntau | Tiv thaiv tshaj - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog |
| Tensile zog | 435 MPa min xwb | 434-758 MPa ntau | Xyuas kom zoo ib yam mechanical zog |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio | Tsis tau teev tseg | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.93 | Xyuas kom txaus ductility |
| Charpy Impact Test | Tsis xav tau | Yuav tsum tau | Guarantee qis -kub toughness |
| NDT Requirements | Txuj | nruj dua | Kev kuaj pom zoo dua |
| Traceability | Batch qib | Pipe -los ntawm- yeeb nkab puv traceability | Ua kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv zoo |
Cov ntawv thov siv
| Daim ntawv thov | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Roj thiab roj kis tau tus mob | Nruab nrab - cov kav dej siab rau cov roj crude thiab cov nkev ntuj |
| Natural Gas Sib Sau Kab | Txuas qhov dej mus rau cov chaw ua haujlwm; Class II/III onshore gas kis |
| Kev xa dej Mains | Loj - txoj kab uas hla hauv nroog thiab cov kav dej muaj |
| Sour Service | H₂S ib puag ncig (nrog cov kev xav tau ntxiv) |
| Tsawg- Kev Pabcuam Kub | Daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau guaranteed cuam tshuam toughness |
| Muaj Txheej Txheem Piping | Refineries, tshuaj nroj tsuag, fais fab engineering |
| Pipeline Station thiab Terminal Piping | Compressor chaw nres tsheb, twj tso kua mis, metering chaw |
| Offshore Pipelines | Subsea daim ntawv thov nrog txhim kho toughness xav tau |
Tiag -Lub Ntiaj Teb Project Piv txwv
Ib qhov project 2018 hauv Asia tau teev tsegAPI 5L X46 PSL2 ERW / LSAW / HSAW kab yeeb nkabrau ua ntej -coated pipeline systems . Qhov kev sib tw suav nrog:
150mm NB (168.3mm OD) thiab 200mm NB (219.1mm OD) txoj kab uas hla
6.4mm phab ntsa thickness
3 LPE coated
Hydrostatic xeem siab: 184.5 kg / cm² thiab 142 kg / cm² raws li
Beveled xaus rau thaj chaw vuam
Qhov no qhia txog kev muaj kev lag luam thiab tiag -lub ntiaj teb daim ntawv thov ntawm X46 PSL2 kav .
Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws
| Qhov zoo | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Guaranteed Toughness | Yuav tsum Charpy qhov kev ntsuam xyuas cuam tshuam ua kom tsis muaj -kev ua haujlwm kub |
| Stricter Chemistry | 50% qis sulfur cov ntsiab lus txhim kho weldability thiab HIC kuj |
| Tswj lub zog | Lub zog tawm los siab tshaj plaws (524 MPa) tiv thaiv ntau tshaj - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog |
| Tag nrho Traceability | Pipe-los ntawm- yeeb nkab traceability kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv zoo |
| Enhanced NDT | Kev nruj dua uas tsis yog - qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj kev puas tsuaj |
| Tus nqi - Qib Nruab Nrab Ua Tau Zoo | ERW txheej txheem muab kev lag luam tsim khoom rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg txog 24 " |
| Micro{0}}Alloyed | Fine grain qauv nrog acicular ferrite thiab bainite rau zoo heev cuam tshuam toughness |
Kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb
1. Kev txwv qhov loj
ERW manufacturing rau X46 feem ntau muaj txog li24-26 nti (610 mm) OD
Cov kab uas loj dua yuav tsum tau LSAW lossis SSAW manufacturing
2. PSL1 vs. PSL2 Xaiv
PSL2: Yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov kev pabcuam kub tsawg, kev pabcuam qaub (H₂S ib puag ncig), cov kav dej tswj (FERC, DOT), thiab cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb
PSL1: Haum rau cov kev pabcuam dav dav, cov kab dej, tsis yog - daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj qhov ntsuas kub tsawg - tsis tas yuav tsum muaj qhov toughness
3. Kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub
Standard Charpy tej yam kev kuaj yuav raug teev nyob rau hauv ntau yam kub (0 degree, -20 degree, thiab lwm yam)
Rau cov ntawv siv txias dua, kev ntsuas cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ntsuas kub qis kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm
4. Qib sib npaug
TS EN ISO 3183: L320
GB/T 9711: L320
TS EN 10208-2Loj: L320 MB
5. Txheej txheej xaiv
3LPE (3-txheej polyethylene): Feem ntau rau cov kav dej faus
FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy): Kev tiv thaiv corrosion
Coal Tar Epoxy: Heavy-lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv
Dub (dawb): Standard zeb tiav
Varnish/Anti- xeb roj: Kev tiv thaiv ib ntus thaum thauj
6. Mill Test Certificate
Feem ntau muab raws liEN 10204 Hom 3.1nrog tag nrho cov kev xeem
Thib peb-kev soj ntsuam tog (SGS, BV, Lloyds, TUV, ABS) muaj nyob rau ntawm kev thov
7. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm microstructure
X46 steel yeeb nkab nta cov qauv tsim los ntawmacicular ferrite thiab bainite
Qhov no muab kev tiv thaiv siab rau dynamic tearing thiab tsis tshua muaj ductile -nkig hloov kub
Cov ntsiab lus
API 5L PSL2 Qib X46 ERW steel yeeb nkabyog qhov nruab nrab - zog kab yeeb nkab uas sib txuas X46 lub zog qib (317 MPa yam tsawg kawg nkaus tawm los) nrog rau kev txhim kho PSL2 cov kev cai zoo. Nrognruj dua tshuaj tswj(S Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.015%, P Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.025%),yuav tsum tau Charpy impact test, lub zog siab tshaj plaws(tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 524 MPa tawm los),yield -rau- tensile ratio tswj(Less tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 0.93), thiabtag nrho cov yeeb nkab-los ntawm- yeeb nkab traceability, PSL2 X46 yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau nruab nrab - cov ntawv thov kev sib kis uas yuav tsum tau lav qhov qis- kub toughness los yog qaub kev pab cuam muaj peev xwm .
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:
Muaj nyob rau hauvPSL2qib zoo nrog txhim khu kev ntsuas kev xav tau
Tsim los ntawmERW txheej txheem- Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm 1/2 "rau 24" OD
Yuav tsum tau Charpy impact testua kom qis -kub ua haujlwm
50% qis sulfur cov ntsiab lus(0.015% vs. 0.030%) txhim kho toughness thiab HIC kuj
Maximum yield zog(524 MPa) tiv thaiv ntau tshaj - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog
Micro{0}} alloyednrog nplua grain qauv rau zoo heev tej yam khoom
Tag nrho traceabilitylos ntawm steelmaking mus rau cov yeeb nkab tiav
Cov ntawv thov uas muaj xws li:
Nruab nrab - cov roj thiab cov kav xa hluav taws xob siab
Natural gas sib sau ua ke thiab faib tes hauj lwm
Tsawg- qhov kub thiab txias kev pab cuam yuav tsum tau guaranteed tej yam toughness
Cov kav dej tswj tau raws li FERC, DOT, lossis lwm tus tub ceev xwm
Daim ntawv thov kev pabcuam qaub (nrog cov kev xav tau ntxiv)
Offshore thiab subsea pipelines
Thaum ordering, qhia:API 5L PSL2 Qib X46 ERW steel yeeb nkab, Qhov Loj (OD x WT), Ntev, Qhov Kawg Finish (plain / beveled), Kev kho cua sov (N / Q / M yog tias xav tau), Txheej Txheej (3LPE / FBE / liab qab), thiab lwm yam kev xav tau ntxiv (kev ntsuas kub, kev pabcuam qaub). Mill Test Certificate rau EN 10204 Hom 3.1 yog tus qauv.
