API 5L PSL1 X65 ERW Steel Yeeb Nkab
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
API 5L PSL1 Qib X65 ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) steel yeeb nkabyog ib lub siab - lub zog carbon steel kab yeeb nkab dav siv hauv kev thov cov roj thiab cov roj xa hluav taws xob. Qhov kev xaiv "X65" qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm65,000 psi (448 MPa), muab kwv yees li8% siab zog dua X60thiab25% siab dua X52. Nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau siab - cov kav xa hluav taws xob, kev teeb tsa sab nrauv, thiab qhov xav tau ib puag ncig uas cov qib qis dua yuav xav tau cov phab ntsa tuab heev.
Lub npe lov raws li hauv qab no:
API 5L: American Petroleum Institute specification rau kab yeeb nkab
PSL1: Khoom Specification Qib 1 (tus qauv zoo nrog cov kev cai yooj yim)
X65Qib qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm 65 ksi (448 MPa)
ERW: Hluav taws xob Resistance Welded - yeeb nkab tsim los ntawm steel kauj thiab welded longitudinally yam tsis muaj muab tub lim
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Txuj | API 5L (raws li ISO 3183) |
| Khoom Specification Level | PSL1 |
| Qib | X65 (L450 hauv ISO cim) |
| Yam tsawg kawg Yield Strength | 448-450 MPa (65,000-65,300 psi) |
| Yam tsawg kawg Tensile Strength | 531-535 MPa (77,000-77,600 psi) |
| Elongation | Ib API 5L lub rooj (nws txawv ntawm phab ntsa thickness) |
| Hom kev tsim khoom | ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) / HFW |
| Qhov Loj Loj (ERW) | 14 "mus rau 24" (355.6 mm txog 609.6 mm) OD; kuj muaj los ntawm 1/2 "mus rau 26" |
| Phab ntsa Thickness | 3.2 hli mus rau 22.2 hli; Teem caij 10 txog 160, STD, XS |
| Ntev | 3 m txog 22 m (tus qauv: 5.8 / 6 / 11.8 / 12 m, SRL, DRL) |
| Xaus Xaus | Plain xaus, beveled xaus, threaded xaus |
Chemical Composition (PSL1 Welded Yeeb Nkab)
| Lub ntsiab | Qhov siab tshaj % | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) | 0.26% | Tsawg dua qib seamless rau zoo weldability |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.45% | Muab lub zog |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.40-0.45% | Deoxidizer |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.030% | Tswj rau weldability |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.030% | Tswj kom toughness |
Lus Cim: Rau txhua qhov kev txo qis ntawm 0.01% hauv qab cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws, qhov nce ntawm 0.05% saum toj no tau tso cai ntau tshaj manganese, mus txog qhov siab tshaj ntawm 1.65%. PSL2 muaj kev txwv nruj dua (C Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.22%, S Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.015%).
Mechanical Properties (PSL1)
| Khoom | Kev xav tau |
|---|---|
| Yield zog (min) | 448-450 MPa (65,000-65,300 psi) |
| Yield zog (max) | Tsis tau teev rau PSL1 |
| Tensile zog (min) | 531-535 MPa (77,000-77,600 psi) |
| Tensile zog (max) | Tsis tau teev rau PSL1 |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio | Tsis tau teev rau PSL1 |
| Elongation | Ib API 5L rooj; feem ntau ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 20% |
| Charpy Impact | Tsis xav tau rau PSL1- Tsuas yog PSL2 yuav tsum tau kuaj qhov cuam tshuam |
Qib sib piv: X65 vs. Cov Qib uas nyob ib sab
| Qib | Yield zog (min) | Tensile zog (min) | Tus txheeb ze zog vs. X65 | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X52 | 359-360 MPa (52 ksi) | 455-460 MPa (66 ksi) | -20% | General kis tau tus mob |
| X56 | 386-390 MPa (56 ksi) | 490 MPa (71 ksi) | -13% | Siab dua -siab kis |
| X60 | 414-415 MPa (60 ksi) | 517-520 MPa (75 ksi) | -7% | High -siab kis |
| X65 | 448-450 MPa (65 ksi) | 531-535 MPa (77 ksi) | Lub hauv paus | Siab -siab, offshore, thov thov |
| X70 | 483-485 MPa (70 ksi) | 565-570 MPa (82 ksi) | +8% | Ntev -qhov deb siab -siab |
X65 muaj kwv yees li 8% siab dua qhov muaj zog tshaj X60 thiab 25% siab dua X52 .
Dimensional Tolerances
| Parameter | Qhov Loj | Ua siab ntev |
|---|---|---|
| Lub cev OD | 219.1-457 hli | ±0.75% |
| Lub cev OD | 508-610 hli | ±0.75% |
| Cov yeeb nkab kawg (219.1-273.1 hli) | - | +1.6 hli / -0.4 hli |
| Cov yeeb nkab kawg (274-320 mm) | - | +2.4 hli / -0.8 hli |
| Cov yeeb nkab kawg (323.9-457 mm) | - | +2.4 hli / -0.8 hli |
| Phab ntsa Thickness (508-610mm) | - | +19.5% / -8% |
| Phab ntsa Thickness (General) | Txhua qhov ntau thiab tsawg | +15% / -12.5% raug |
ERW Manufacturing txheej txheem
ERW steel yeeb nkab yog ncaj seam hluav taws xob tiv thaiv welded yeeb nkab uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv:
Uncoiling- Steel kauj yog uncoiled thiab leveled
Ntug Kev Npaj- Cov npoo npoo yog milled rau kev vuam zoo
tsim- Steel strip yog txias - ua rau hauv cov duab cylindrical
Hluav taws xob induction Vuam- Siab- zaus vuam koom nrog cov npoo yam tsis muaj hlau muab tub lim
Kev kho cua sov- Lub weld seam yog normalized rau refine grain qauv
Qhov loj me- Cov yeeb nkab dhau los ntawm qhov loj me kom ua tiav qhov ntev kawg
NDT- 100% tsis yog- kuaj kev puas tsuaj (ultrasonic lossis eddy tam sim no) ntawm weld seam
Kev Ntsuas Hydrostatic-Txhua cov yeeb nkab ib leeg raug kuaj xyuas kom muaj kev ncaj ncees siab
Xaus Xaus- Xaus npaj (dawb, beveled, los yog threaded)
Kev Xeem Xeem (PSL1)
| Hom kev xeem | Kev xav tau | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas | Rau qhov kub ntau | Txheeb xyuas qhov txwv tsis pub muaj |
| Tensile Test | Rau ntau | Txheeb xyuas qhov tawm los thiab lub zog tensile |
| Flattening Test | Yuav tsum tau rau ERW yeeb nkab | Tshawb xyuas ductility |
| Khoov Test | Yuav tsum tau | Verifies weld kev ncaj ncees |
| Hydrostatic Test | Txhua cov yeeb nkab ib leeg raug kuaj | Kev ntsuas siab ncaj ncees |
| NDT (Ultrasonic / Eddy Tam sim no) | Weld seam soj ntsuam | Txuj kev xyaum; 100% kev soj ntsuam |
| Impact Testing (Charpy V-notch) | Tsis xav tau rau PSL1 | Tsuas yog PSL2 yuav tsum tau kuaj qhov cuam tshuam |
Cov ntawv thov siv
| Daim ntawv thov | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Siab -Hloov Gas Transmission | Ntev -ntaus cov raj xa hluav taws xob uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab |
| Crude Roj Trunk Kab | Cov kab txuas tseem ceeb rau kev thauj cov roj av |
| Offshore Pipelines | Subsea pipelines xav tau lub zog siab - rau - qhov hnyav piv |
| Onshore Gathering Networks | Regional trunk systems txuas cov chaw tsim khoom rau kev ua haujlwm |
| Chaw nres tsheb thiab Header Piping | Compressor chaw nres tsheb, twj tso kua mis, metering chaw |
| Slurry thiab Mineral Thauj | Ore thiab ntxhia thauj pipelines |
| Kev xa dej | Loj - txoj kab uas hla, siab - siab dej mains |
PSL1 vs. PSL2 Sib piv rau X65
| Feature | PSL1 | PSL2 | Qhov tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon (C) max | 0.26% | 0.22% | Zoo dua weldability, qis dua HAZ hardness |
| Sulfur (S) max | 0.030% | 0.015% | 50% txo- tseem ceeb rau toughness |
| Phosphorus (P) max | 0.030% | 0.025% | Txhim kho toughness thiab weldability |
| Manganese (Mn) max | 1.45% | 1.60% | Me ntsis siab dua rau lub zog |
| Yield zog | 448 MPa min xwb | 448-600 MPa ntau | Tiv thaiv tshaj - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog |
| Tensile zog | 535 MPa min xwb | 535-760 MPa ntau | Xyuas kom zoo ib yam mechanical zog |
| Yield-rau-Tensile Ratio | Tsis tau teev tseg | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.93 | Xyuas kom txaus ductility |
| Kev sim cuam tshuam | Tsis xav tau | Yuav tsum tauntawm qhov kub thiab txias | Guarantee qis -kub toughness |
| NDT Requirements | Txuj | nruj dua | Kev kuaj pom zoo dua |
| Daim ntawv pov thawj | xaiv tau | Yuav tsum taunrog tag nrho traceability | Ua kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv zoo |
| Hom kev siv | Kev pabcuam dav dav | Kev pabcuam tseem ceeb, kev pabcuam qaub, qis kub |
Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws
| Qhov zoo | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Siab zog | 8% siab dua X60, 25% siab dua X52 - tso cai rau txo phab ntsa thickness los yog siab dua kev khiav hauj lwm pressures |
| Weldability zoo heev | Tswj chemistry nrog qis carbon sib npaug ua kom zoo teb weldability |
| Tus nqi -Cov | ERW txheej txheem muab kev lag luam tsim khoom rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg txog 24 " |
| Dav Muaj | Tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj xws li Baosteel, Yieh Corp, thiab lwm yam |
| Pov thawj Performance | X65 yog qib tseem ceeb steel rau ntev -cov roj thiab cov kav dej sib kis |
| Zoo Toughness | Haum rau qis - daim ntawv thov kub (nrog PSL2 kev xaiv) |
Kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb
1. Kev txwv qhov loj
ERW manufacturing rau X65 feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv14 "mus rau 24" (355.6 mm txog 609.6 mm) OD
Cov kab me me tuaj yeem muaj los ntawm qee cov tuam ntxhab; loj diameters yuav tsum tau LSAW los yog SSAW manufacturing
2. PSL1 vs. PSL2 Xaiv
PSL1: Haum rau kev pabcuam dav dav, cov kab dej, tsis yog - cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb
PSL2: Yuav tsum muaj rau cov kev pabcuam kub tsawg, kev pabcuam qaub (H₂S ib puag ncig), cov kav dej tswj (FERC, DOT), thiab cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb
3. Qib sib npaug
TS EN ISO 3183: L450
GB/T 9711: L450
DNV OS{0}}F101Qib: Qib 450 (zoo sib xws)
TS EN 10208-2Loj: L450 MB
4. Kev xa khoom xa tuaj
PSL1 X65 tuaj yeem muab tau rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
Raws li - dov
Normalizing dov
Normalizing tsim
Li qub
Normalized thiab tempered
Quenched thiab tempered
5. Txheej txheej xaiv
Dub (dawb): Standard zeb tiav
3LPE (3-txheej polyethylene): Feem ntau rau cov kav dej faus
FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy): Kev tiv thaiv corrosion
Coal Tar Epoxy: Heavy-lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv
Varnish/Anti- xeb roj: Kev tiv thaiv ib ntus thaum thauj
6. Mill Test Certificate
Feem ntau muab raws liEN 10204 Hom 3.1Bnrog tag nrho cov kev xeem
Thib peb-kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas (SGS, BV, Lloyds) muaj nyob rau ntawm kev thov
7. Kev lag luam ceeb toom
X65 yog tus nqi siab tshaj - lub zog kab yeeb nkab qib dav siv nyob rau hauv ntev - cov roj thiab cov kav xa hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, Tuam Tshoj tus thib ob West-East Gas Pipeline project siv X80 qib, qhia kev lag luam kev vam meej mus rau siab dua - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog . X65 tseem yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau ntau txoj haujlwm kav dej uas xav tau qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog thiab tus nqi.
Cov ntsiab lus
API 5L PSL1 Qib X65 ERW steel yeeb nkabyog lub siab - lub zog kab yeeb nkab tsim los rau kev thov cov roj thiab cov roj xa hluav taws xob. Nrog yam tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm65,000 psi (448 MPa)- kwv yees li8% siab dua X60thiab25% siab dua X52- nws muaj qhov sib npaug zoo heev ntawm lub zog, weldability, thiab tus nqi rau siab -cov kav xa hluav taws xob siab, kev teeb tsa ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, thiab ib puag ncig nyuaj.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb:
Muaj nyob rau hauvPSL1qib zoo rau daim ntawv thov kev pabcuam
Tsim los ntawmERW txheej txheem- Qhov ntau thiab tsawg los ntawm 14 "mus rau 24" OD
Tsis tas yuav tsum tau kuaj qhov cuam tshuam- haum rau ambient kub daim ntaub ntawv
Weldability zoo heevnrog qis carbon sib npaug
Siab zog - rau - hnyav pivua kom txuag cov khoom siv
Cov ntawv thov uas muaj xws li:
Siab -cov kav xa hluav taws xob siab
Offshore thiab subsea pipelines
Crude roj trunk kab
Chaw nres tsheb thiab header piping
Slurry thiab ntxhia thauj pipelines
Thaum ordering, qhia:API 5L PSL1 Qib X65 ERW steel yeeb nkab, Qhov Loj (OD x WT), Ntev, Xaus Xaus, thiab Txheej Txheej Yuav Tsum Tau. Rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev lees paub qis - qhov kub thiab txias, kev tswj xyuas nruj dua, lossis kev pabcuam qaub, qhia meejAPI 5L PSL2 Qib X65hloov.
