Clarifying lub npe
Ua kom siab -kub chromium-molybdenum seamless yeeb nkab yog dav pauv nyob rau hauv ntau lub npe, thiab cov ntaub ntawv lag luam qee zaum muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm xws li 1.0451. Rau 1Cr-0.5Mo muaj pes tsawg leeg tau piav qhia hauv tsab xov xwm no, cov qauv tsim nyog yog: 13CrMo4-5 nrog cov khoom siv 1.7335 hauv European EN 10216-2 system, thiab ASTM A335 / ASME SA335 P11 hauv Asmeskas. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tus lej ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj zeb rau kev txiav txim, vim tias cov lej xws li 1.0451 tsis phim 1Cr-0.5Mo qib hauv EN 10216-2 cov ntxhuav tam sim no.
Qib thiab sib npaug
13CrMo4-5 yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau uas muaj li ntawm 1% chromium thiab 0.5% molybdenum. Nws yog European tus neeg sawv cev ntawm A335 P11, thiab ob qho tib si feem ntau hloov pauv hauv cov haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb tom qab lees paub cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua. Cov sib npaug pom zoo yog:
| Qhov system | Lub npe |
|---|---|
| European txheem | 13CrMo4-5, khoom siv tus lej 1.7335 (EN 10216-2) |
| American txuj | ASTM A335 / ASME SA335 P11 |
| UNS | K11597 |
| Japanese txuj | JIS G3462 STPA23 |
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm qib yog sib npaug rau siab - qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam:
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cov ntsiab lus,% | 0.08 – 0.18 | 0.10 – 0.35 | 0.40 – 0.70 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.025 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.010 | 0.70 – 1.15 | 0.40 – 0.60 |
Chromium txhim kho kev tiv thaiv oxidation thiab scaling nyob rau hauv chav thiab kub gases, thiab molybdenum tsa lub creep zog ntawm siab kub. Qhov txwv tsis pub leej twg xav tau hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub no txhim kho ductility thiab weldability.
Mechanical Properties
Nyob rau hauv qhov normalized-thiab-tempered mob, chav tsev- kub cov khoom ntawm qib yog tensile lub zog ntawm li 440-590 MPa, lub zog tawm los ntawm yam tsawg kawg nkaus 290 MPa, thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus elongation ntawm 20% ntawm A5 rau cov phab ntsa tuab, nrog rau cov phab ntsa thickness mus rau qhov tseeb. Tus nqi ntawm cov hlau tsis nyob hauv chav- qhov kub thiab txias tab sis nyob rau hauv nws tus cwj pwm ntawm 400-550 C, qhov uas nws khaws cia muaj zog thiab tiv taus creep deformation ntau xyoo ntawm kev pab cuam. Tsim kom muaj zog ntawm qhov kub siab yog muab los ntawm qhov tso cai rau- cov lus ntxhov siab ntawm cov qauv tsim qauv, xws li EN 13480 lossis ASME B31.1/B31.3.
Kev tsim khoom thiab kev kho cua sov
Cov yeeb nkab yog tsim seamless los ntawm kub dov los yog extrusion, thiab yog ib txwm muab nyob rau hauv lub normalized-thiab-tempered mob raws li EN 10216-2 los yog sib xws A335 tshav kub- kev kho mob yuav tsum tau. Normalizing refines lub grain qauv, thiab tempering teem lub kawg lub zog thiab toughness. Cov yeeb nkab yog tom qab ntawd ncaj nraim, kuaj hydrostatically, thiab tshuaj xyuas los ntawm qhov tsis yog{10}}kev sim ua puas tsuaj; seamless raj rau kev pabcuam siab feem ntau yog 100% ultrasonic kuaj ib ISO 10893-10. Thaum cov yeeb nkab yog welded thaum lub sij hawm fabrication, preheat thiab tom qab-weld kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau, nrog rau cov kev kho mob kub feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm 650-720 C, los kho cov khoom ntawm tshav kub-cuam tshuam cheeb tsam.
Daim ntawv thov
Cov qib no yog siv rau cov kav dej uas muaj siab -cov pa siab thiab cov txheej txheem cov kua dej ntawm qhov kub siab: superheater thiab reheater tubes, cov kav dej loj, cov taub hau, cov cua sov- cov raj xa hluav taws xob, thiab cov kab hloov pauv hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, refineries, thiab cov nroj tsuag tshuaj. Cov kev pabcuam siv tau yog txog li 550 C rau chav, saum toj no uas siab dua -chromium qib xws li 10CrMo9-10 (A335 P22) lossis 9Cr qib (A335 P91) yog siv. Rau cov roj thiab roj thiab petrochemical tej yaam num, cov yeeb nkab yog feem ntau teev nrog cov kev ntsuam xyuas cuam tshuam thiab nrog rau cov chemistry thiab kev ntsuam xyuas cov cai ntawm qhov project specification.
Kev txiav txim thiab kuaj
Thaum txiav txim, hais tus qauv thiab tsab ntawv, qib thiab cov khoom naj npawb, qhov loj (OD x phab ntsa thickness), qhov ntev, qhov kub thiab txias -kev kho mob, cov kev xeem yuav tsum tau, thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Rau EN muab, daim ntawv pov thawj xeem tau muab rau EN 10204 3.1, nrog 3.2 muaj los ntawm lub koom haum soj ntsuam ywj pheej. Cov kev kuaj mob yog kuaj tensile, tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, kuaj hydrostatic, thiab tsis yog- kuaj kev puas tsuaj; Ntxiv Charpy impact testing yog teev qhov twg tus qauv tsim code lossis qhov project xav tau nws.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Dab tsi yog tus lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug rau A335 P11 sib npaug?
1Cr-0.5Mo qib sib npaug rau A335 P11 yog 13CrMo4-5 nrog cov khoom siv 1.7335 hauv EN 10216-2. Cov ntaub ntawv qub txeeg qub teg uas nyeem 1.0451 yuav tsum raug tshuaj xyuas tawm tsam daim ntawv pov thawj, vim tus lej ntawd tsis yog lub npe tam sim no ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw no.
Q: Dab tsi ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov yeeb nkab no haum rau?
Rau kev pabcuam chav ua haujlwm, 13CrMo4-5 feem ntau yog siv txog li 550 C. Saum toj no, cov qib siab dua-alloy xws li P22 (10CrMo9-10, 1.7380) lossis P91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1, 1.4903) yuav tsum.
Q: Puas yog 13CrMo4-5 zoo ib yam li P11?
Lawv yog cov sib npaug sib npaug hauv lawv cov qauv: 13CrMo4-5 rau EN 10216-2 thiab P11 rau ASTM A335. Kev sib xyaw thiab cov khoom txwv tsis sib txawv me ntsis, yog li cov txheej txheem tswj hwm yuav tsum tau teev nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim.
Q: Cov yeeb nkab no puas tuaj yeem welded?
Yog lawm, tab sis cov hlau yuav tsum tau preheat thiab post-weld kho cua sov nyob rau hauv 650-720 C ntau yam kom rov qab tau cov cua sov- cuam tshuam - thaj chaw thiab txo kev ntxhov siab.
Q: Cov kev xeem twg yuav tsum tau ua rau kev pabcuam siab?
Kev ntsuam xyuas tensile, tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, kuaj hydrostatic, thiab tsis yog -kev kuaj xyuas puas yog cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua. Kev ntsuam xyuas cuam tshuam thiab NDT ntxiv yog ntxiv thaum qhov project specification lossis tsim code xav kom lawv.
Q: Qhov txawv ntawm P11 thiab P22 yog dab tsi?
P22 (10CrMo9-10, 1.7380) muaj li ntawm 2.25% chromium thiab 1% molybdenum, muab siab dua-kub lub zog thiab nkag siab, thiab siv rau qhov kub thiab txias txog li 580 C.
